U.S. Foreign Policy in the Late 19th Century Essay -- essays research

The United States, from its inception had a lust for real estate. From the original chants of "manifest destiny" to the calls for the annexation of Indian territories, America has been driven to acquire land. In this country's youth, land was needed for economic expansion; however, by the end of the 19th century, the entire continental United States had been in possession and the citizenry of this country turned their eyes out to sea. The United States no longer sought new lands to farm and work nor did they need new areas for their geological resources; the motives had changed. The United States was now driven by the temptations of world power and political supremacy. The self-absorbed citizenry looked upon their intrusion into foreign areas as a moral obligation; to spread the words of democracy and Christ throughout the world. The Spanish-American War in the final years of the 19th century perfectly demonstrated this "new" imperialism. In addition the American intrusion into Chinese affairs during the Boxer rebellion was also proof for the new motives which governed the international attitude. By the end of the 19th century Spanish forces in Cuba were in an all out battle with nationalist rebels. The Spanish army had tortured and killed thousands of innocent Cubans in their efforts to maintain control of Cuba. The American "Yellow Press" under the leadership of Pulitzer and others wrote horrific articles about the war in Cuba and called for... U.S. Foreign Policy in the Late 19th Century Essay -- essays research The United States, from its inception had a lust for real estate. From the original chants of "manifest destiny" to the calls for the annexation of Indian territories, America has been driven to acquire land. In this country's youth, land was needed for economic expansion; however, by the end of the 19th century, the entire continental United States had been in possession and the citizenry of this country turned their eyes out to sea. The United States no longer sought new lands to farm and work nor did they need new areas for their geological resources; the motives had changed. The United States was now driven by the temptations of world power and political supremacy. The self-absorbed citizenry looked upon their intrusion into foreign areas as a moral obligation; to spread the words of democracy and Christ throughout the world. The Spanish-American War in the final years of the 19th century perfectly demonstrated this "new" imperialism. In addition the American intrusion into Chinese affairs during the Boxer rebellion was also proof for the new motives which governed the international attitude. By the end of the 19th century Spanish forces in Cuba were in an all out battle with nationalist rebels. The Spanish army had tortured and killed thousands of innocent Cubans in their efforts to maintain control of Cuba. The American "Yellow Press" under the leadership of Pulitzer and others wrote horrific articles about the war in Cuba and called for...

Communication Barriers in an Organisation

Question 1. Identify and critically discuss the communication problems and barriers in the communication scenario depicted in the video clip. (563 Words) According to Dr Robbins’s book on Organizational Behavior 2003, effective communication is summarized as the means of encoding a message from the sender, clearly to the receiver through a channel without the actual message being negatively fragmented in the process. Communication problems and barriers occur when the information is distorted before reaching the receiver, creating conflicting assumptions and perceptions than what was intended (Deborah J.Barrett, (2002) Diagram 1 below illustrates an example of a communication model. Decoding Decoding Receiver Receiver Channel Channel Encoding Encoding Source Source Diagram 1: MESSAGE MESSAGE MESSAGE MESSAGE FEEDBACK. Sourced from: Stephen P. Robbin (2003), Organizational Behavior, 10th Ed, Prentice Hall, pp 285. Jack demonstrated poor communication skills when addressing the ne ws. His approach is erroneous, failing to ascertain their reaction and sensitivity when he addressed changes. Jack failed capture the forthcomings of the group’s â€Å"openness to change† (Anuradha Chawla and E.Kevin Kelloway 2003) The employees in the scenario feels uncertain regarding the â€Å"security of their position, their future roles and responsibilities† (J. Allen et al. , 2007 pp. 359 – 364) and how these changes might bring significant impact to them. In effect of Jack’s misreading body language, tone, and other non-verbal forms of communication exhibiting nervousness and guilt, the group is showing signs of disappointing acknowledgement, It could be from rumours they have heard and relied due to the lack of proper information received. Gray & Laidlaw, 2002) Jack’s inability to create the sense of trust in the management’s decision and effective selling of the benefits of change, (Philip. A, 2005) has made matters worse. C laudia Peus et al, 2009 supported Oreg’s research of co-relations in pointing that affective, cognitive and behavioral resistance towards change exist when trust in the management is nonexistent. Jack’s communique method was antagonistic, choosing bad choice of words in his communique’ which prompted the group to ask about their future state.Reeta Raina, 2010 quoted Harris & Nelson’s work in 2008 that key towards quality leadership is conceivably the effective communication flow of a story. The method of Jack’s communication somersaulted the group into a defensive mode, causing them to respond negatively on the received information, prompting the concerned about the enormity of the changes and its impact on their job. The group is portraying emotional interferences by interrupting Jake’s conversation, persistently asking about their job security.Jake has unintentionally sparked fear in the group, threatening their physiological contracts (Jo b securities, job commitments, personal commitments, future planning) (Clutterbuck, 2005) The group is adamant to know what the changes are and Jack refused to provide them with reasonable information and to try and counter the negative perception that was piling up. Lack of information is also known as one of the most influential factor of employee’s decision making in the events of change. Empirical investigation conducted by Allen et al. 2007) also suggests that employees who receives judicious, precise, and â€Å"useful communication (termed as â€Å"quality change communication†) more often than not revealed lower levels of uncertainty and a higher level of openness to certain degree of change. Entering the critical analysis of the video clip, the communication barriers and problems between Jake and the group could best be summarized using the table below. Table 1: The encoded message from Jake, the barriers and problems of communication and the message decoded b y the receivers. Information addressed by Jack. Barriers & Communication Problems| Message Received by group. | Jack spoke about â€Å"a lot of changes† that is going to take place in an alerting manner rather than an evocative manner, implying that the changes is irreversible. | Lack of Sensitivity to Receiver. Failure to identify the emotional state of the group and the openness in digesting change management. Failed to find the right setting to address the news more effectively. | These changes might imply drastic alteration to their working style, job roles and responsibilities.The fact that the changes are imminent, they feel like being pushed to the edge, emotions of anger, anxiety, stress and confusion builds up. | Jake announced the news in a provocative, informal manner instead of a suggestive, tolerable and informal approach. He mentioned, â€Å"for those of us who’s still around† and â€Å"some of y’all wouldn’t agree with† in the video suggesting that these changes might affect the end outcome of the group’s physical and emotional contributions to the company. | Lack of Basic Communication Skills.Bad choice of words, incepting negative thoughts and perceptions about the looming changes. Speaking in gaps creating the opportunity to negative assumptions and perceptions. Heavy physical movement, misreading of body language, tone of voice, heavy denials. Sending out conflicting messages. | These changes are going to affect their job security in the company. Their contributions towards the company is not appreciated, having not consulted them before changes is being decided. Injustice.Jake’s contradicting speech suggests there are some information that is being withheld from them, creating uncertainties and doubts of the real truth. | Jake stated and suggested that if the group does not like the changes; they could source for a job elsewhere, giving them no choice but to accept the changes even if it affects them adversely. | Lack of freedom of choiceAntagonistic approach towards addressing the outcome of the changes. Assumptions that these changes have already been decided and it will create a negative impact. Lack of empathetic values| The group believes that hey have no say and their opinions are deemed non- valuable by the management in the implementation of the changes. They feel that they’ve been squeezed to a tight corner without choices or opportunity to fend for themselves if these changes are to have an undesirable effect on them. | Jake addressed that there have been changes which already have been decided by the management prior to him communicating with the group. | Emotional Interference. Failed to protect the rights of the employees| One of the group members asked why the need arise to consult them if the changes have already been decided. Jake gave an excuse of the entailing details of the changes that he wouldn’t want to pre-amp the management i n addressing the news. | Lack of informationUnreliable source of informationDistrustful| Jake did not answer the question that was raising heavy uncertainties and negative perceptions of the change. The group is exhibiting signs of disappointment from their faces, and their tone of voice has changed from query to cynical. | Jake informed that there is going to be a formal meeting coming up and most of the decisions that might affect the group will be decided then. Defensiveness| The group is no longer interested in what Jake is explaining. feels that their rights as an employee to know more information about their job security is violated resulting in a defensive mode of action, bringing the matter up with the union | The group is disappointed that their opinions are not appreciated in the changes that is going to take place resulting further confrontational suggestions such as the worker’s union. â€Å"Lacking freedom of choice about change usually provokes more resistance than change itself† (W.Warner Burke et al. , 1996 pp. 25 – 30) Question 2: Critically discuss the impact the communication problems and barriers you have identified in question 1, may have on the perceptions and attitudes of employees in the communication scenario. (528 words) Perceptions and attitudes are behavioral components of individuals’ perceived notions, reactions and sensing of information and how it’s interpreted. (Robbins, 2003) Three main communication barriers and problems identified of how the information was disseminated to the group is the lack of ommunication skills, lack of freedom of choice, and lack of information which co-relates significantly towards the attitudes and perceptions of the employees. Jack inability to deliver the message clearly instigated negative perceptions, signifying signs of adversity. This constructed gaps in which ‘gives room’ to openness of rumors (G. David, 2011) and negative attitudes to cultivate . The employees displayed unfavorable facial expressions, emotional reactions and body language upon their self-perceived evaluations of the information, thus manifesting into defensive and retaliating attitude.Rupert Eales-White 2004 pp. 235 suggests in his research that there are two gaps in perceptions which are the conscious intent of the leader (Gap1) and the manifestation of that intent (Gap2) This determines the affect of an attitude is adapted when poor communication is at place, referring to the diagram below. Diagram 2 Conscious Intent Subconscious Intent Stress Poor Communication Manifestation Words Tone of voice Body Language Environment Poor Listening Mindset Impact Gap1 (Leader) Gap1 (Followers) Conscious Intent Subconscious Intent Stress Poor Communication ManifestationWords Tone of voice Body Language Environment Poor Listening Mindset Impact Gap1 (Leader) Gap1 (Followers) Source: Industrial and Commercial Training Volume: 36 Issue: 6 2004, pp. 235, Figure 1. Based f rom the video clip, the employees are portraying signs of anxiety and fear in losing their jobs. Their psychological contract (Job commitments, personal commitments, organizational commitments and job satisfaction) is threatened. This is supported by Charissa Freese et al. , in her research of 2011, in which she concurred with the research of Turnley and Feldman, 1998; Pate et al. 2000 (longitudinal); Kickul et al. , 2002 on the threats to psychological contracts due to fear and anxiety of â€Å"losing the known and tried†(W. Burke et al. ,1996) Lacking freedom of choice in voicing their opinions, the employees feel that Jack and the company has failed to keep their end of the bargain in their relationship that arises from the â€Å"mutual obligations between them and the company†, which also have shaped and govern their job attitude, well, normally in the perception of the employees. (Charissa Freese et al. , 2011- pp. 05, quoting Rousseau’s 1995 opinions) Unab le to influence the change process from taking place, the employees may also experience frustration, a downward slump such as lower productivity, higher absenteeism and work stress, which are; according to Maria Vakola and Ioannis Nikolaou’s 2005 research, agrees with previous research of Schabracq and Cooper, 2000; Murphy, 1995; McHugh, 1993 that it also contributes to lower motivation and morale, decline in work performance, elevating turnover rates, sick-leave, lower job satisfaction and commitments, poor internal ommunication as well as conflicts. According to Maria Vakola and Ioannis Nikolaou’s 2005 research which elaborated on British Industrial Society Survey 2001, shown that 91 per cent of the 492 human resource and personnel professionals questioned believed stress to be a problem in their organization’s effectiveness. Furthermore, lack of consistent information is a determinant of organization members to be exposed to rumors – reckoned as  "one of the greatest dangers during crises – as well as to spreading defeatist declarations†,( G.David, 2011) George also quoted Czarnecki (2007, 93) in his work, whom believes that essential justifications of internal communication is â€Å"avoiding the gap between the unusually high interest of staff members eager to find out what is going on and the small amount of information being disseminated by the organization†. Question 3: (Make Recommendations). Draw up a table and summarize how the problems and barriers you have identified in question 1 could have been prevented.Table 2: Recommendations| Rationale| Reflect positive, clarity, and congruent verbal and body language cues emphasizing on good communication skills when addressing change or any topic that might trigger selective perception or behavioral resistance. | In communicating, the speakers will subconsciously send body language and verbal cues. Being consistent with verbal cues and body language portr ays convincing and truthfulness.In Deborah’s work on change communication 2002, she quoted Roberts, 1954 pp. 388 who stated; â€Å"therefore, the orator must not only try to make the argument of his speech demonstrative and worthy of belief; he must also make his own character look right and put his hearers, who are to decide into the right frame of mind†| Openness for Change and presentation of information. | The degrees of which the employees may accept the news positively from Jack depends on how open are they towards the idea of changes.The approach should be made progressively rather than antagonistically. In Richa Awasty’s et al. , research in 2011, she quoted Dent and Goldberg’s suggestion that â€Å"employees may not be necessarily resisting the change itself, but rather perceived undesirable outcomes of change or the process of implementing the change† therefore the changes are not necessarily of adverse outcome, but perceived to be due to the mindset of the employees at that particular period and the way the information is presented. Identifying Psychological traits, emotions and feelings, avoiding sensitive words that may ignite negativity. | Although professional relationships entail some boundaries when it comes to interaction with colleagues, it is important to demonstrate sensitivity, and to really care about the people you work with. If you don’t care about them, it will be difficult for them to care about you when it comes to working together. | Provide useable, practical information to avoid lack of information to the employees involved in the change. If employees are not given adequate information nor allowed to contribute to the solution of problems, they may revert to being the cause of them, resulting in increased absenteeism, lower productivity and grievances and so on (Hubbards1999, Hargie et al. 1999, Armour 1998). Raina Reeta,2010. | Give opportunity for the employee’s leader to attend and discuss to ensure they don’t feel like they’re lacking freedom of choice in facilitating the changes. | A relative lack of employee participation in such change is likely to lead to more negative attitudes about the change (Reichers et al. 1997). Liz Jones(2008) | Uncertainties. | | * Dysfunctional responses. Ignoring or not responding to a comment or question quickly undermines effective communication. Likewise, responding with an irrelevant comment — one that isn't connected to the topic at hand — will quash genuine communication. Interrupting others while they are speaking also creates a poor environment for communication. * Lacking Confidence. Lacking confidence can be a major barrier to effective communication.Shyness, difficulty being assertive, or lack of self-worth can hinder your ability to make your needs and opinions known. Also, a lack of awareness of your own rights and opportunities in a given situation can prevent you from expressing yo ur needs openly. Strategies for Effective Verbal Communication * Focus on the issue, not the person. Try not to take everything personally, and similarly, express your own needs and opinions in terms of the job at hand. Solve problems rather than attempt to control others.For example, rather than criticizing a co-worker’s personality, express your concerns in terms of how to get the job done more smoothly in the future. * Be genuine rather than manipulative. Be yourself, honestly and openly. Be honest with yourself, and focus on working well with the people around you, and acting with integrity. * Empathize rather than remain detached. Although professional relationships entail some boundaries when it comes to interaction with colleagues, it is important to demonstrate sensitivity, and to really care about the people you work with.If you don’t care about them, it will be difficult for them to care about you when it comes to working together. * Be flexible towards other s. Allow for other points of view, and be open to other ways of doing things. Diversity brings creativity and innovation. * Value yourself and your own experiences. Be firm about your own rights and needs. Undervaluing yourself encourages others to undervalue you, too. Offer your ideas and expect to be treated well. * Present yourself as an equal rather than a superior.Even when you are in a position of authority, focus on what you and the other person each have to offer and contribute to the job or issue. * Use affirming responses. Respond to other in ways that acknowledge their experiences. Thank them for their input. Affirm their right to their feelings, even if you disagree. Ask questions, express positive feeling; and provide positive feedback when you can. Resources * Beebe et al. Interpersonal Communication: Relating to Others 2nd Canadian Edition. (Scarborough, Ontario: Allyn and Bacon, 2000). Some additional ideas have been added.

Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights - 1144 Words

Title: Wuthering Heights Author: Emily Bronte Main Characters (Protagonist/Antagonist), Title, Traits: Heathcliff: Antagonist, morose, cruel, vengeful, sullen, brought in by Mr. Earnshaw. Treated badly by Hindley, Catherine’s brother. He falls in love with Catherine and loves her after her death. Catherine nee Earnshaw Linton: protagonist of the story. She’s childish, immature, spiteful, ignorant and arrogant. Beautiful, free spirited, mischievous. In love with Heathcliff and she dies halfway through the book haunting him. She marries Linton more based on his position and breeding instead of Heathcliff whom she views as a brother. Nelly Dean: Narrator of the story. She’s a servant and grew up with the Earnshaw family so she is close to Catherine and later her daughter. Edgar and Isabella Linton: Brother and sister. Refined, well mannered, higher class than Heathcliff and Catherine. They serve as a foil between the two characters. Setting: Wuthering Heights: farmhouse where most of the story takes place the Earnshaw’s live there as well as Heathcliff. Thrushcross Grange: where the Linton’s and later Catherine live. Heathcliff becomes the owner of it later and rents and leases it to Mr. Lockwood through the story. The moors. 1770’s to 1801. Summary: Mr. Lockwood rents a house at Thrushcross Grange, from Heathcliff a dark brooding unwelcoming man that owns Wuthering Heights. Mr. Lockwood later asks Ellen Dean a servant about Heathcliff’s story and why he is how he is.Show MoreRelatedEmily Bronte s Wuthering Heights1167 Words   |  5 Pagesability to distinguish one person from the rest of the people. Emily Brontà «, author of Wuthering Heights, was a copy of her siblings and therefore used her extreme passion for learning and teaching to set herself apart from her siblings. In the novel, Wuthering Heights, Brontà « creates many similar characters but differentiate between them solely on their mental capacity. Growing up in a household of writers and artists, Emily Brontà « felt like a copy of her siblings and therefore used Gnosticism asRead MoreEmily Bronte s Wuthering Heights1384 Words   |  6 Pages Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights is not only one of the most widely read books in English but it also encourages different critical approaches. One of the most interesting approaches is the psychoanalytical approach in this circumstance. Through the entirety of this book it is understood that childhood has an impact on adult life, â€Å"psychological history that begins in childhood experiences in the family and each with patterns of adolescent and adult behavior that are the direct result of thatRead MoreEmily Bronte s Wuthering Heights1814 Words   |  8 PagesTitle: Wuthering Heights Author: Emily Brontà « Date of Publication: 1847 Genre: Gothic Romance / Fiction Biographical information about the author Emily Jane Brontà « (born 30 July, 1818 | Died December, 19, 1848) was born in Thorton. She was one of six Bronte children; she kept to herself usually and was unusually quiet. In 1835 she briefly attend Miss Wooler’s school at Roe Head. Around 1837 Emily taught at Law Hill School. In 1842 she and Charlotte studied in Brussels. 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The gothic Victorian novel, Wuthering Heights, was written by Emily Bronte and published in 1847 where Bronte challenges ideas of religious hypocrisy, social classes, gender inequality and mortality. Wuthering Heights was first ill received being too much removed from the ordinary reality in the mid-nineteenth-century; however, Emily Bronte’s novelRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 2133 Words   |  9 PagesKimberly Boots Ms. Loomis AP Literature and Composition 16 January 2015 The Meaning Behind It All Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights is not only one of the most widely read books in America, but it also encourages different critical approaches. One of the most interesting approaches is the psychoanalytical approach in this circumstance. Through the entirety of this book it is understood that defending oneself in different ways is a way to escape the stresses of reality. â€Å"Our unconscious desiresRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 3443 Words   |  14 PagesRRS Wuthering Heights Title: Wuthering Heights Publication Date: 1847 Author: Emily Bronte Nationality: English Author’s Birth/Death dates: July 30, 1818 – December 19, 1848 Distinguishing traits of the author: Emily Bronte, otherwise known as Ellis Bell, had many siblings growing up in the isolated town of Thornton, Yorkshire. One of which was Charlotte Brontà « author of the masterpiece, Jane Eyre. At the time of their publishment Jan Eyre was known as the superior book but over time Wuthering HeightsRead MoreThe Uncanny And Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights1746 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment 1: Critical Commentary Freud’s The Uncanny and Emily Brontà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights The principal idea in Sigmund Freud’s interpretation of The Uncanny theory centres around the Heimlich, translating to ‘homely’ and thus, what is familiar, and the Unheimlich, which is often translated to what is ‘Uncanny’ defined as ‘what is [†¦] frightening precisely because it is not known and familiar’ (Freud, 1919) or later described as something that is ‘secretly familiar which has undergone repression’Read MoreEmily Bronte s Wuthering Heights1693 Words   |  7 PagesUnfortunate Events Emily Bronte, a highly esteemed and imaginative writer, is the mastermind behind the novel Wuthering Heights. When Bronte was very young, her mother passed away from a serious, untreatable sickness. After her death, Branwell, Bronte’s older brother, took care of the children (Pettingell). Her brother, a poet and painter, turned to an alcoholic and drug abuser was responsible for the children as they all grew up together. He was irrational and never treated Emily and her sisters theRead MoreEmily Bronte s Wuthering Heights1215 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Bronte grew up in an oppressive society, being forced to learn in her own home and dealing with the deaths in her family, she felt the need to take control. In Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, emphasis on the mistreatment of woman and the issue of control present themselves symbiotically. In the novel, the main female Catherine and the main character Heathcliff simultaneously unleash their darkest inner conflicts throu gh various displays. Throughout the novel, it is evident that there exists

The Concept Of The Theories, What Do They Say - 1507 Words

(www.whatismylearningstyle.com, n.d.) introd The concept of the theories, what do they say? Reflective vision about what they say Expl the theor behind the lernig styles Use positive and neg arguments!balance the situation or turnet around! Choose 1or more stronger learnig style that represents u. justify the reasons (workpress.com, 2011) Introduction This project came to life because of the two theorists P. Honey and A. Mumford. They researched for years on how to put together a project in order to identify the learning styles. Finally, they came up with the idea of a questionnaire. By gathering eighty questions together, all containing different learning styles and being supported by the Kolb learning style inventory (LSI), the project was up and running. Perhaps that every individual from this Planet is different and unique, this is a fact. The same like being different means that we have diverse ways of perception towards new concepts and ideas (learning in general). However, we all have similar ways of approaching and understanding, therefore learning. Neg arg personal/organisational development and not for assessment/selection. Not a psychometric instrument, but a checklist about how people learn. Weaknesses Danger of labelling people as ‘theorists’ or ‘pragmatists’, when most people exhibit more than one strong preferences (F.Coffield, 2004, p. 28) learning styles are not fixed personality traits, it shifts the emphasis towardsShow MoreRelatedWhat I Call The Social Constructionist1259 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I reflect on chapter 5, what I call the social constructionist chapter, there are numerous concepts that I remember. Michael Kimmel says in the book that gender identity is socially constructed, our identities are a fluid assemblage of the meanings and behaviors that we construct from the values, images, and prescriptions we find in the world around us. 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One of Vygotsky’s focuses was the concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD), which is the idea of a child being appropriately challenged, this will be discussed further on. His theory stemmed from how children’s learning is impacted greatly through guidanceRead MoreInternational Trade Theories, Trade, Cultural Diffusion, And Economic Trade Theory1374 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferences between the basic and base concept of international trade theories. The autho r will examine and critically assess the concept of international trade. This paper agrees with the economist that international trade is the interdependence of nations in terms of trade, cultural diffusion, and economic interdependency. International business trade theories are basically different theories with their concept of trade how they explain international trade. The concept of majority of economist believe

The Autobiography Of Malcolm X - 1959 Words

The United States has had many horrible moments in its history that the United States has long tried to correct and distance itself from those mistakes. Many mistakes were made in our history but a few of the big ones were kicking the Native Americans off their land and making them almost go extinct, putting all the Japanese people into concentration camps in World War 2 in belief that they were all Japanese spies, but the biggest flaw is the United States history has been the mistreatment of the blacks from slavery and segregation that has lead to the endless racism that can still be experienced in our present day world. There have been many political and religious leaders over the years that have fought for the black minority in America†¦show more content†¦He goes to a white family where he never really feels at home and is treated like a pet. Even at school he is the smartest kid, but is treated inferior to the kids he knows he is smarter than. When around the age of 15 he leaves his white family for the city of Boston where he goes to his half sister’s house who try’s to help him out. He becomes friends with a guy named shorty who helps him find a job as a shoeshine. Where he gets into the drug dealing business. He starts dressing nicer and changes his hair and overall starts to transform. He then changes his job and starts dancing a lot eventually meets a girl who he really likes. He becomes famous as a dancer in nightclubs that gets him attention from a white girl who he ends up leaves the girl he liked for. He eventually meets Sammy the pimp who gets him deep into bad endeavors and he gets addicted to cocaine and eventually they have a falling out and Malcolm escapes to Boston because he has too many people who want to kill him. He then starts to do burglaries with Sophia shorty and a few other people. One day Malcolm accidently flirts with Sophia in public with her husband’s friend with her at a bar. Who snitches her husb and and this gets Malcom arrested with shorty and they get 10 years for being with a white girl even though they also were charged with burglary. In jail is when Malcolm seems to have hit rock bottom. he is really frustrated and is suffering fromShow MoreRelatedThe Autobiography of Malcolm X729 Words   |  3 PagesLiterary Analysis: The Autobiography of Malcolm X The Autobiography of Malcolm X, told by Alex Haley, details the incredible journey of one of the most inspiration and life altering leaders the world has ever encountered. The book begins with the illustration of Malcolm’s early life experiences and ends with X predicting that he will die a violent death prior to seeing the publication of his autobiography. At the beginning of the book, Haley describes how Malcolm’s father, a Baptist MinisterRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesWho is Malcolm X? Answers tend to vary by person but in the â€Å"Autobiography of Malcolm X†, it really delved into the pivotal details of his life and readers like myself, went on an enthralling metaphorical journey to see the intriguing development of him as a child, a young adult, a convict, a follower, and ultimately a leader. For starters, Malcolm X was not born with the infamous and famous X. His birth name was Malcolm Little and the innocent Malcolm Little was very belittled (pun intended) inRead MoreAutobiography Of Malcolm X1614 Words   |  7 PagesKaykay Zhu October 19, 2017 The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley is an account of Malcolm X’s evolving perspective on racial justice. Malcolm X was a prominent figure in the Nation of Islam who advocated for black nationalism and separatism. The man who became one of America’s most powerful voices for African Americans was deeply affected by the terrors of racism, which shaped his view of social justice and the condemnation of the white man. The way Malcolm X narrates his experiences changesRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1276 Words   |  6 PagesThe Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley, and Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody sheds light on how principles of ambition, pride, and faith throughout their lives paved individual paths for revolutionary success. Troubling upbringings as seen in both of their lives eventually instilled a drive that ultimately revolutionized America’s perspective of racial equality. 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Malcolm X told his life story of how he overcame in his autobiography simply called The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley. His life changed the world historically, socially, and especially politically by taking a stand against racism of all kinds which still exists in today’s â€Å"modern† standards. Using his personal life experience with racism towards African-Americans, Malcolm spre ads the word on equality for all with a realistic tone that inspires trust in him. Malcolm X reachesRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1278 Words   |  6 PagesMalcolm X, born Malcolm Little, is one of the greatest advocates for race in the nation. However, his opinion of the state of racial issues in our country, and what can be done to solve them. Trials throughout Malcolm’s life of personal opinions and events that have occurred have shaped his outlook on the issue. Alex Haley’s autobiography novel, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, reveals Malcolm’s changing views on the solution of race in this country through the shaping stages of experiences in hisRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1634 Words   |  7 PagesThe Autobiography of Malcolm X was about one African Americans struggle during a time of extreme racism and discrimination to make a name for himself. Malcolm had many life experiences before tragically being shot and killed. He was a hustler in Harlem, a porter for a railroad, and was eventually a minister for the black Islam movement lead by Elijah Mahammad. Malcolm Little lived a very interesting life to become the man he will be remembered as. Right before Malcolm was born members of the KKK

Nature and culture Free Essays

The advances in the understanding of nature in terms of scientific knowledge has been tremendous especially since the mid-1950’s with the discovery of the DNA structure, which precipitated more advances in molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry.   However, in the end of the 20th century until now, our modern society has seen more and more debates about how nature has been altered and/or destroyed by our progress in technology, in particular biotechnology. Yet, one may wonder if the debate over technological progress affecting nature or more specifically, natural laws that govern our existence, does reflect a cultural bias in the general comprehension of technological progress in our society. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature and culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Consequently, three questions may be asked to completely analyze the problem.   First, is there a nature/culture problem to be discussed?   Second, if there is, how has it affected our global society with respect to a cultural shift caused by particular developments in science and technology and when?   If there is a global effect, is there a tangible effect on our personal life?   This paper will deal with each of these questions. The amazing characteristics that humans possess, is to learn from previous generations, to improve upon their work, and to establish a momentum to human life and culture that has taken our civilization from cave art to quantum physics, and into the space age.   In addition, other scientific advances bring about technological progress in our direct environment and society, more so than being in space.   Even more so has biotechnology been altering the nature of our humanity, not only in terms of ‘programmed’ physical changes based on scientific discoveries, but also in terms of environmental changes.   Unfortunately, people’s understanding of what science is capable of either to benefit our society or destroy it, has been undermined since the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century. How do we know that?   Simply consider the history of our society until now with the debate over cloning and stem-cell research that have come under fire in our western part of the world.   In both cases, a further division has taken place within the world scientific community.   Some countries allow the research whereas others do not.   Consequently, what can we draw from this chiasm, is it due to a cultural difference?   If it is, then do we really understand what the meaning of culture is?   If we do, can we reconcile differences?   Raymond Williams tells us that there is a great difficulty in even defining the concept of culture. (Williams, ) Is it a division of the whole into parts (the individual) like Latour claims or a whole global entity like Tarde thinks? (Latour, Social in Question)   Furthermore, Williams is not even sure himself of what nature really means.   On page 78, he does tell us that there is a general confusion or disparity of what different pe ople mean by nature.   Is it either the nature of man (biology), the natural nature of our environment, or both?   Latour seems to agree with Williams that there is a problem of defining the context of nature and culture. Latour uses the illustration of one simple event like using an aerosol can after which people are taken on a journey to Antarctica, to touring scientific labs across the world, and the chemistry of inert gases. (p. 2 Crisis) (Latour, )   This implies that the complexity of the division is based not only on the science of the natural environment, but also first on how people are affected by the effects of the ozone problem, and second how different people or the world as a single cultural phenomenon perceive the problem.   The conclusion is that the division exists but its very existence is very confusing to any person from any part of the world or the whole world, perhaps minus the scientists.   Rabinow’s expose supports this idea of confusion when she claims using Michel Foucault’s and Gilles Deleuze’s arguments that there has been a shift caused by this division, particularly on how we as a species comprehend ourselves and our environment.   Specificall y, on p. 91, she states: â€Å"In the modern form, finitude establishes a field of life, labor, and language within which Man appears as a distinctive being who is both the subject and object of his own understanding, but an understanding that is never complete because of its very structure.† (Rabinow, ) Toxen is convinced that this magnitude of this shift has actually been more like a revolution with respect to science and technology in our society. (Toxen, 1983) On p.1, he emphasizes that there is a total reshaping of â€Å"industries, companies, universities, and laboratories to sustain the present mode of production.†Ã‚   He adds that the cause of this shift seems to be linked to a push for biotechnological advances, especially in our time (he wrote this article in 1983). So, how do this shift and the nature/culture division affect our own existence?   Callon speaks of auto engineers in France becoming sociologists in order to manufacture the first electric car.   As a consequence, engineers define what society will be like and how it will be changed because of the introduction of such a new mode of transportation.   Their resulting conclusions motivate their work while reshaping our ideas or shall we say our cultural acceptance. (Callon, )   In the same vein, biotechnology has been hailed as the only way to remedy problems that our society faces.   For example, Lappe and Collins cite the example of how biotechnology is supposed to solve world hunger but people are starving more than ever. (Lappe-Collins, ) An illustration of this idea is cited by Pollan with Monsanto genetically engineering a bug-killer potato that may be hazardous to our health so we would not be able to eat it anyway! (Pollan, ).   In the context of ecology, Schwartz and Thompson speak of â€Å"Nature benign gives us global equilibrium.† (Schwartz, Thompson, 1990) This idea implies that science and technology cannot help the way that is propounded.   The reason is simple: there is not enough comprehension of us as individuals and as a civilization (culture) to solve the mostly self-inflicted obstacles encountered with our nature as a species as well as our environment (nature). In conclusion, there is a real doubt whether science and technology can help our society.   Since there is a fuzzy picture of how we understand the division between culture and nature, science and technology cannot claim that they understand what shapes our society for the better while they certainly do not understand how they can shape society for the worst. References Callon, ?. (Year?). Engineers as sociologists. Publication? 210- 216. Lappe, ?, Collins, ?. (Year?). World hunger: twelve myths.   Publication? 48-66. Latour, B. Joyce, P. (editor). (Year?). The social in question. New bearings on history and the Social Sciences. London: Routledge.   (year?). Crisis. Publication? 2-12. Pollan, M. (date and year?). Playing God in my garden. The New York Times. 1-12. Rabinow, P. (Year?) Artificiality and enlightenment: from sociobiology to biosociality. Publication? 91-110. Schwartz, M., Thompson, M. (1990). Divided we stand: redefining politics, technology, and social choice.   London: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Toxen, L. (1983). The life industry in gene business: who should control biotechnology? London: Association Books. Williams, R. (Year?). Title? Publication? 68-84. How to cite Nature and culture, Essay examples

Kinds Of Budget For Tourists Both Domestic â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Kinds Of Budget For Tourists Both Domestic? Answer: Introducation Sydney Australia is a tourist attraction zone. Based on the scenario and calculations, the city has a lot of hotels that offer all kinds of budget for the tourists both domestic and foreign.Sydney has a relatively high yield management in the tourism sector. The availability of good services and facilities in the city makes it a good place for choosing the city (Cross, 2011). Most of the hotels are running to full capacity therefore earning maximum profits especially when it is summer. The four hotels are all rated the same by international travel magazines and therefore are comparatively the same. Sydney on the other hand can be used as a good city for hospitality management in terms of hotels and their suitability to attract customers. It is easy to assimilate hotel revenue through market portfolios especially in a competing industry. The average revenue collections for all the hotels are almost in the same range given the proximity of the hotels. As a big city, the revenue aspect for collection in hotels can be easily sampled and managed.The city has potential as it is a top tourist destination with many people coming to see the great features offered by the city (Hellermann, 2006). Competitor set and what they have in common with my hotel As a top tourist destination, Sydney Australia has an array of hotels, they include the following: Rydges Sydeny and Central, Novotel Sydney Central, Hyatt Regency Sydney and Central Station Hotel. They have been chosen because of their facilities which includes the bed capacity and the services offered in these hotels. Their revenues are almost at par with each other and make suitable competitors to the chosen hotel. The revenue collection management system can be comparatively used to gauge and measure the competitiveness of the industry and its peers. The following are some of the dimensions that are measured for the choice of these hotels; capacity; where most of these hotels are four and five star hotels with a bed capacity ranging between 200- 250 beds.The same can be said of our hotel. The second determining factor is the physical occupancy; most of these hotels have a 60% occupancy levels while at peak levels record full capacity of occupancy. The third factor in the choice o f hotel is the revenue earned from each bed or the room revenues. They room revenue range from $320- $400 on a busy day. The average revenue collection is $ 379for all the four hotels. Deciding on the books figures and occupancy forecast On the book figures are found by multiplication of the capacity and the physical occupancy levels as a percentage of the day Monday- 65%*200= 130 Tuesday- 60%*200= 120 Wednesday- 65%*200= 130 This means that the book figures are a representation of how the days should be and a percentage of the full capacity given for the hotels. Occupancy forecast is calculated as follows; Monday- 90%*200= 180 Tuesday- 85%*200= 170 Wednesday- 85%*200= 170 This means that the book figures and occupancy levels are a representation of how the days should be and a percentage of the full capacity given for the hotels. Hotel performance in the market taking into account the volume of competitors in the market With good facilities and good customer service, the hotel is expected to perfume fairly well and maintain a high customer interaction and service compared to the other competitors. Although, it is the lowest revenue earner with comparison to the other competitors, it can be the most improved if proper marketing and management are affected (Shy, 2008). The occupancy levels should at all timeis 90% if forecast revenue is anything to go by. The rooms that are accessible that are taken in a predefined time is what the occupancy of the hotel should be focused on. High occupancy levels should be a product of good services given by the hotel and the marketing done by the management to be able to surpass the competitors. It is therefore expected that the hotel should improve drastically and compete with its competitors in the market. Suitability of the hotel and location should also be taken into account for better marketing and revenue improvement (Shy, 2008). Considering that all the competitors mentioned here are four star and five star hotels, it means that the rates charged are almost the same and therefore the hotel is expected to perform the same as the others. Target market Market segmentation groups consumers with common needs and buying behaviors into a segment to become a basis for marketing. For the hotel, the target market includes the travelers, business people, government guests , people on leisure and those attending conventions in the city. All these are categories of people who make good customers by booking rooms that may even last for weeks (Sfodera, 2006). When the demand is low the following measures should be put in place. Managers of hotels can maximize revenues by making use of forecast information in capacity management, duration control and discount allocation. Revenue management is a better performance measure of a hotels performance and provides a more precise measure of performance than the average daily rate and occupancy rate method. The manager uses standard against actual revenue to measure performance (Revenue management, 2014). By using this method the management can adjust room rates based on demand of a specific market segment. The management may as a measure of boosting revenue package some products to suit the desires of the target market. For example, in terms of guest rooms, ancillary services and banquets (Yield management, 2012). the second measure that should be put in place is to focus on some customers for example offer discounts to business people, people seeking leisure, government guests and conventions. By doing so, the revenues of the hotel will be boosted because the reduction of room rates / prices will attract more customers ensuring that the occupancy rates is still optimal (Revenue Management, 2012). The management should lower prices of rooms to attain a competitive advantage over its competitors who are eyeing the same customers (Pak, 2005). Revenue management strategies used by hotels seek to maximize efficiency and sales so by focusing on high profit bookings when the demand is high the hotel can maximize profits. The hotel also increases bookings on low demand days. Improved seasonal pricing coupled with inventory decisions leads to optimal occupancy rate that ensures maximum profits for the hotel. The hotels management should also establish a value based rate structure through a revenue man agement system to maximize on revenues during off peak seasons in the hospitality industry (Revenue management, 2014). Potential revenue is calculated by most hotels as the amount the hotel would earn if all rooms were sold at the double occupancy rate. However, revenue mix takes into account the percentage mix of rooms sold at double occupancy and single. The competitors of this hotel were chosen because they are all in Sydney and pull almost the same levels of revenue and can all be put in the same category. Reaction and revenue management measure put in place when demand is higher than expected The revenue management measures put in place when demand is high are as follows; first, restrict or close discounts- to maximize the average rate it it recommendable to offer discounts to only those who book to stay longer and also I is advisable to restrict bookings to shorter stays to maximize on revenue. We may also apply restrictions to minimum length of stay which helps the hotel to increase room nights. It is necessary to study patterns of guests to decide how many nights they are likely to add to their stay (Rouse, Maguire and Harrison, 2011). During high demand periods the company should reduce allocations of groups to one room. This is a great tactic as it ensures that all rooms are occupied and fetch the highest rates possible which maximize the revenues for the hotel. Another measure to use is to eliminate or reduce 6 pomp holds (Ingold, 2012). The number of rooms that are unpaid and are held until 6p.m should be reduced when the demand is high to ensure that there are rooms available to fill. We should also tighten guarantee and cancellation policies to make sure that all the payments are made. We should ensure that the first night stay is charged during reservations to minimize cancellations (Hellermann, 2006). We should also ensure that full and maximum prices are applied to executive rooms and suites during high demand situations to maximize on the revenues. Also, apply tactics that are consistent with the competitors tactics to avoid giving the competitors a competitive advantage during high demand periods. Another measure that is helpful during high demand situations is to consider raising rates for packages. Discounts for packages offered by the hotels should be reduced to boost the revenues. References Cross, R. (2011).Revenue Management. Crown Business. Hellermann, R. (2006).Capacity options for revenue management. Berlin: Springer. Ingold, A. (2012).Yield management. Hampshire: Cengage Learning EMEA. Pak, K. (2005).Revenue management. Rotterdam: Erasmus Research Institute of Management. Revenue management. (2014). [Place of publication not identified]: Palgrave Macmillan. Revenue Management. (2012). Pearson College Div. Rouse, P., Maguire, W. and Harrison, J. (2011).Revenue management in service organizations. [New York, N.Y.]: Business Expert Press. Sfodera, F. (2006).The spread of yield management practices. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag. Shy, O. (2008).How to price. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Yield management. (2012). [Place of publication not identified]: Betascript Publishing.