Patterns of Behaviour Essay

To form a reaction the particles must collide in high speed. The faster the particles collide the more kinetic energy is produced. This produces a bigger reaction. There are five key variables that affect the rate of a reaction (in this case with a solid and a solution): Change in temperature An increase in heat energy within the particles leads to more kinetic energy. Therefore there is more collision of particles and it increases the rate of the reaction. When we decrease the amount of heat energy, this will evidently slow down the reaction. For example we slow down the process of our food rotting by placing it in a fridge or a freezer. Change in concentration The concentrations of acids are classed in molars, so 2m would quite a strong concentrated acid, 0. 5m would be a very dilute weak acid and 1m would be in between the two. Also, the more concentrated the acid, the more particles it contains, so there is more of a chance for collisions.   Change of particle size Increasing the surface area of the particles would lead to more collision. We do this by making the particles smaller. For instance peeling a large potato would not take as long as peeling four small potatoes; this is because the smaller potatoes have a larger surface area for you to peel. Pressure (for gases only) Increasing the pressure would bring particles closer together so there would be more of a chance for collision.   Catalyst A catalyst lowers the activation of energy required, consequently there being a faster reaction. The three variables we are choosing to show which effect the rate of reaction in our experiments are: Particle size Concentration   Temperature Pressure was inappropriate to use as a variable, because we were not using two gases and a catalyst was unsuitable to use for small tests like these. I think that the tests in changing the temperature will have the fastest times, as the hotter a solution is the more the particles will move and collide, thus the rate of carbon dioxide being produce will be faster. I also think that the large particles test will take the slowest amount of time because of the lack of surface area and the reverse will occur with the test with powered calcium carbonate. Plan We will be running a various number of experiments to prove what effects the rate of reaction with calcium carbonate (marble chips) and hydrochloric acid. The balanced equation for these reactants along with the products: Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water Ca Co + 2 HCl Ca Cl + Co + H O When experimenting with the effects of the particle size we will use three sizes: large marble chips, small marble chips and powered calcium carbonate. For the tests in concentration of acid we will use 2m, 1m and 0. 5m. We will use 50cc of hydrochloric acid in each test to guarantee precise results. Finally for the experiments with the changes of temperature we will be heating the acid using a bunsen burner for two temperatures: 30i and 40i , then leaving the acid at room temperature (around 22i ). We will measure the temperature accurately using a thermometer. These will be the only three things that we are going to vary, to explain what affects the rate of reaction. We will also only be testing one variable at a time. For example, in the test for concentration we will obviously be varying the concentration of the acid (0. 5, 1 and 2m) but we will be keeping the temperature and the particle size the same (room temp. and small marble chips). To tell us what actually affects the rate of reaction we will monitoring how fast carbon dioxide is given off. To find this out we will have a plastic basin containing water. A test tube measuring 10cc filled with water will be held upside down in the basin of water and a delivery tube will be attached to the beaker holding the acid and calcium carbonate and the other end will be positioned in the test tube in the water. We will use all the same apparatus to ensure everything is fairly tested and is accurate to the equipment we are using. As the acid reacts with the calcium carbonate, carbon dioxide is released. This will travel through the delivery tube and into the test tube. The test tube will fill up with carbon dioxides and the water will pushed out. We will be timing this with a stop clock. As the water descends to 1cc we will record the time, then at 2cc, again at 3cc and so forth. At the end of each experiment we should have 10 times recorded. For each factor, instead of just performing the experiment once, we will repeat it three times to provide us with a more accurate end result. In total we will be doing 27 tests to show what effects the rate of reaction. Diagram To make certain that this method is good enough and to certify that it worked properly we will carried out a trail experiment. We used all the average variables for fair testing. So the temperature was at room (22i ) the concentration not to strong or weak (1m) and the small marble chips. Trial experiment results 1 molar room temperature small marble chips Min/sec 1cc 1:41 2cc 3:15 3cc 4:46 4cc 6:13 5cc 7:35 6cc 9:03 7cc 10:34 8cc 11:56 9cc 13:27 10cc 14:33 The carbon dioxide was released very slowly in this test. It took over fourteen and a half minutes for it to finish and this would not be practical because of the limited time been given to conduct all our experiments. It took so long, because we had only put one small marble chip in. There were no more calcium carbonate particles to react with the acid particles, so this had a dramatic effect on the time. On In each test we do we will always place more particles than the amount we need, so there is excess calcium carbonate at the end to make sure it does not run out during the test. Because this was the first time we were trying the tests out we were a bit slow placing the bung on and maybe some of the carbon dioxide had escaped. To improve our main experiments to achieve accurate results we had to place the bung on as soon as we dropped in the calcium carbonate to make sure no carbon dioxide escaped. Results Concentration 0. 5 molar room temperature small marble chips 1st 2nd 3rd Average Temperature Room temperature 1molar small marble chips 1st 2nd 3rd AverageAnalysis On the concentration graph the average of the 0. 5m results was looked very different compared to the 1m and 2m averages. Because it took the longest time to reach 10cc of carbon dioxide, the gradient of the line of best fit sloped very gently. The release of carbon dioxide started off very slow at the being. It took 1:30 minutes to reach 1cc, then the rate quickened and in 2 minutes 5cc of carbon dioxide had been given off. On the graph the gradient in those two minutes steepened. The rate slowed down after that and the release of carbon dioxide was gradual and steady.

Helping People in Need a Supererogation or an Obligation

Helping people in need a supererogation or an obligation People in poor nations are starving to death when we are enjoying our delicious meal with our friends and family. There are various governmental aid-projects and privately run charities which are responsible for delivering donations from the relatively wealthy nations to the nations in need. I believe it is a morally right thing to help the people in need, but not every one of us would make donations regularly.Peter Singer uses the drowning child example to make people rethink about this current scenario. He believes that it is our obligation to help the people in poor developing countries. There are objections to his stance, but before considering and discussing from both sides, I am now going to describe and explain the Singer's drowning child example first. Imagine a child is drowning in a shallow pond and saving the child’s life means jumping into the pond and thereby getting one’s clothes wet and muddy. Would you still save the child?All of those having a rational mind will say yes. In spite of the bad consequence of fouling the clothes, saving the child’s life is morally what we ought to do as the importance of the child’s life so far outweighs the little cost of getting one’s clothes wet and muddy. It is within our power to prevent the child’s death without sacrificing something that is of even greater importance. Thus, this is what we ought to do and it is our obligation to prevent something this bad from happening (Singer, 1997).Even when there are other people near the pond who are equally qualified of saving the child but are doing nothing but simply passing by, would you still jump in and save the child? Similarly, all of those being asked said yes. It simply does not make any moral difference to the situation. Undoubtedly, not saving the child in this situation might make one feeling less guilty but everyone thinks that we ought to save the child. We agree that this is our moral obligation and it would be wrong not doing so (Singer, 1997). Then what if the child were being far away, maybe even in another country?Would people still hold the same stance? The answer is yes. Distance and nationality do not make not saving the child just. Whichever child or even adult, if saving his life is what we are able to do without having something of great significance to us being sacrifice, we ought to do that. This is morally what we ought to do without violating other things that are of similar or higher moral importance (Singer, 1972). The situation of the drowning child example is actually synonymous with those hungry children and adults suffering from famine or other disasters, both natural or man-made.If we agree that saving the child that are drowning in a pond is morally what we ought to do and not doing so is unjust, then why should we think otherwise when it comes to helping the people who are suffering in poor developing countries? Why does making regular donations to nations in need not our moral obligation whereas saving the child drowning in a pond is? We have agreed that distance and nationality does not matter in this moral stance. Moreover, the problem of being too far away from the sufferers and we might not be able to come to their aid in time has been overcome by the effort of charities.What is it that stop us from making regular donations? There are explanations to this bipolar situation, giving reasons to help better understanding the causes leading to this global scenario. First of all, saving the drowning child is helping out directly, while making a donation is not. The donation will be distributed to the people in need through the government or some privately run charities. Some of the donation will be used for administrative cost or get swallowed up in corruption.People will never know how much of their donation can really be given to those in need. As corruption is usually a prevalent problem in many of the developing countries, people sometimes have the worry that their donation might not serve to their right purposes but only be ended up in greedy hands. This worry is reasonable but actually most of the donations can get to serve their proper purposes (Giving What We Can, 2012). Although not all of the sum can be used for aid, the part of it that gets to its destination still can make the best of its worth.The aid organizations may not be one-hundred percent efficient, but they can help to solve the problem of distance, serving as an agent for delivery. There are many people around the world who are compassionate about the plight of the others. Charities and governmental organizations collect the aids and help distributing them to the areas in need. I think this is by far the most efficient way of giving out a helping hand. The cost for administration is inevitable and the part of donations spent on it could be seen as for supporting these organizations to keep runnin g.Furthermore, in my point of view, there are always ways to minimize corruption. We can donate money to aid projects that do not involve valuable goods or specifically make donations to programs which serves to tackle the corruption problem in where it is prevailing. The probability of wasting a proportion of the donations should not mean aiding being useless. Those that can get though may make a significant change that we could not imagine. The second explanation is about the psychological difference between the drowning child example and the reality.We feel more related to the sufferers when we could see them. The feeling of guilt for not helping is lesser when we could not see or witness the sufferings (Singer, 1972). Although it makes one feels less guilty without the sight of suffering presenting nearby, it does not make helping those further away a lower priority morally. As we have discussed that distance is not a considering factor in deciding whether it is our obligation t o help or not, both of those from our own country and from the other countries deserve our help.Moreover, in this age of the prosperous development of media technology, charities and governmental aid agencies can effectively show the current situation of the emaciated children to the public. Therefore, it does not sound very plausible to me saying that people not making donations is because of the lack of awareness of the issue. According to Peter Singer, a moral philosopher, if we are able to prevent something very bad from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything morally significant, we ought, morally, to do it (Singer, 1972).Some people object this position. I am going to summarize those objections. For one of the reasons is that this is simply too extreme as most people do not judge those who are ignorant of the others' suffering. People usually criticize those who violate some moral norms, for example: murdering, sex assault,etc. Some writers, including Sidgwick and Urms on, Stated that if the moral code that we set is too hard too uphold, there will be a general breakdown in the moral system (Singer, 1972).The moral code that we are currently using mainly includes not invading the others' privileges, for example: stealing, killing, etc and other things that could help keeping the society safe and sound. Helping the poor nations is not necessary for the wealthy nations. Thus, people usually do not see it as what they must do. This is regrettable but understandable. If making regular donations to those in need is being made to be an obligation and a moral code, it might be too hard for everyone to follow. Eventually, people might choose not to follow anything from the moral code (Singer, 1972).Singer argues that if the conduct is good, why should we categorize it into morally obligatory or morally optional? If morality means doing something good, then shouldn't a good conduct be in the moral code? Moreover, drawing a line to divide conducts into the aforementioned categories is by no means easy. It is hard to define the standard to be used for distinguishing conducts into two kinds. Helping the people in need in other countries is always be defined as a generous and selfless gesture. However, Singer thinks otherwise. He thinks that â€Å"our traditional moral categories are upset†.He objects the traditional distinction that is drawn between duty and charity by using the current standard. It is our moral obligation to prevent as much sufferings as possible in the meantime not sacrificing something else of comparable moral importance (Singer, 1972). How does a man act is actually influenced by the general societal values and the people around him. When a man making a donation or joining voluntary services to help those in need is being praised for his generosity, he would think that what he has done is a supererogation.Actually, coming to the others' aid to prevent suffering without sacrificing as much is an obligation tha t people usually overlook. This situation is for long being shaped by the general social atmosphere and this is what being upsetting. The moral attitude of people is shaped by each other and also the society. Admittedly, helping those is need is always greatly encouraged. However, this is by no means enough. Preventing as much sufferings as possible without causing sacrifices as significant is morally obligatory and not doing so should be seen as unjust (Singer, 1972).I agree with Singer that if it is within one's ability to help, saving other people from suffering seems to be just and morally right, while otherwise seems wrong. Although there might be concerns that what we have given might not be able to serve their greatest worth, I believe that the part of aids that get to the hands of those in need is able to make a significant change in their lives. There are worries that helping those poor developing countries might worsen the current situation. Firstly, those countries usuall y have a higher birth-rate.The aids that we give now would only support them to have a even greater population that the countries themselves are not able to feed (Giving What We Can, 2012). This might leads to a greater demand in foreign help and eventually turns into an ever-expanding cycle. This worry is understandable but there are always other alternatives to help in this kind of situation. For fear of the problem of overpopulation, donations could be made to organizations that help in promoting and enhancing birth-control in the developing countries.Moreover, the reason behind the scene of them having a high birth-rate is the high mortality rate of children. They need a large family size to ensure having enough manpower to take care of the family, to work and to earn. If their lives were not this hard, the birth-rate would presumably decline (Giving What We Can, 2012). The other worry is that the developing countries might become more and more dependent on the aids (Giving What We Can, 2012). This worry is again not necessary as there are many aid projects that are actually aiming at helping those developing nations to be self-supportive.People in some of the poor nations are taught to grow crops for supporting themselves and for selling to make money. Donations could be made to support this kind of projects. Moreover, helping those in need does not necessarily means lengthening their life expectancy but might be about improving their living quality (Giving What We Can, 2012). One example is performing a simple eye operation to cure their eye diseases so that they could see the world more clearly. It is our obligation to help the others in need when it is within our own power without sacrificing something of higher importance.Death and sufferings are things that should be prevented. This is what we ought to do. With the gap between the rich and the poor growing everyday, our moral attitude towards giving out aids should be revised. Helping should not be s een as a supererogation but an moral obligation. References: Giving What We Can. (2012). Myths About Aids, from http://www. givingwhatwecan. org/why-give/myths-about-aid Singer, Peter. (1972). Famine, Affluence, and Morality. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1(1), 230-234. Singer, Peter. (1997). The Drowning Child and the Expanding Circle. News Internationalist, 1.

Healthy Grief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Healthy Grief - Essay Example There are several differences in the exact stages, but one of the most commonly used is Kubler-Ross’s five stages of grief: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance (Pastan, 1996). This essay uses Kubler-Ross’s grieving process theory to analyze the stories of Job and Dan. Job has been blessed by God with a prosperous and contented life. But his faith is tested by God by allowing Satan to take away all the precious things Job has, such as his huge belongings, livelihood, and his beloved family. This massive loss has brought too much grief to Job. However, Job’s grieving process does not rigidly follow Kubler-Ross’s five-stage model. His first response is ‘acceptance’, which should be the last phase. He completely accepts that all the things taken away from him belong to God and only God has the power to take them. Eventually, while his sufferings pile up, Job became angry. His anger is rooted in his belief that he has done nothing wrong and thus does not deserve the sufferings he endures. But when God comes up to him, Job bargains by asking for forgiveness. Similarly, Dan, who is facing death, initially accepts the reality of dying by objectively looking at his situation. He accepts that his time has finally come and that it is time for him to answer for all his sins. Afterward, he becomes angry of himself for trying to kill Joseph and for all the evil deeds he has done throughout his life. The only difference between Job and Dan is the cause of their grief: Job witnesses the death of his beloved family while Dan faces his own death. However, what is fascinating about these stories is that even with the presence of grief joy still blooms in the heart of Job and Dan. Their grief develops from a painful acceptance of what is most important to them; whereas joy relights in them the marvel of God’s salvation through acceptance of their tragic experiences. Thus, according to Archer

GLOBUS ENTERPRISES YEAR END BALANCES Assignment

GLOBUS ENTERPRISES YEAR END BALANCES - Assignment Example $81,200 and it is believed that it should be allotted either in attractive investments or transferred to retained profit account. The current ratio of 2.37 shows that the company has sufficient funds for fulfilling its liabilities and it should consider about decreasing the amount of current assets to a significant level so that there is proper balance between the assets and liabilities of short term period within the organization. This balance between the assets and liabilities would prove to be useful for the business in the long term and allow the organization to gain competitive advantage. The net working capital is an important indicator about the proper allocation of a company’s current assets and it is used to review the financial health of the company for one year. Considering the working capital of Globus Enterprises which is $86,800, it is a clear sign of the organization that it is in effective utilization of the company’s resources. It shows that the company has a positive working capital and has appropriate amount of liquid cash to meet the immediate monetary requirements of the business. Positive working capital for the business is a highly advantageous position for the business. Businesses require capital for expansion and other investments and positive working capital would assist the business in accomplishing such goals. It has to make sure that its working capital ratio is grown in an upward direction in upcoming years so that it does not have to face any sort of financial problem and it can smoothly run its business operations. The figure also ensures that it is able to pay off its current liabilities without any difficulty and it can even bear any expense required for the prepayments with convenience. Globus Enterprises has debt to equity ratio of 1.1 which is a good sign of the company’s internal health. For every organization, the ideal ratio is in between 1-2 and the company’s figure

Path Of Light Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Path Of Light - Lab Report Example A flash light is placed at the end of the row of the index cards and lit, after switching off the lights in the experimental room. The light can be seen passing through all the holes. It can be concluded that light travels in a straight line. In the same way, the holes are in alignment and that since light travels in a straight line; it was observed passing through all the holes. The property of light travelling in a straight line is known as rectilinear propagation. Considering that the sizes of the holes are to be reduces, the light will continue travelling in a straight line but in a more restricted. When the cards were shifted a shadow is formed since the path of light is a straight line and does not bend around the object (Avison 2). Another direct effect of light’s path being a straight line is the casting of shadows by opaque objects. The concept of the path of light being a straight line is applicable in various areas including the manufacture of mirrors both for domestic and industrial use, movie theaters that use projectors where light is restricted, cameras, human vision, and the casting of a shadow by light on opaque objects explains the formation of day and nights, as well as

Sustainable Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Sustainable Development - Essay Example This paper will review the current state of sustainability literature. Secondly, Harrison’s framework will be outlined. Next, the differences in approach to sustainability by two UK organizations will be detailed. The implications of these theories in regard to ecological education will by highlighted. Next, the implications of the approaches with regard to Harrison’s theory shall be evaluated in regard to setting international policy of sustainable development. Finally, a conclusion will synthesize the main points of this paper, present recommendations for future research directions, and emphasise the importance for ecological education in 21st century living. Gaining momentum during the early 1970s, the concept and application of environmental literacy has achieved depth and comprehensiveness, and has been adopted into education systems of many industrial and developing nations. This means that a person has the ability to successfully interact with their environment o n a daily basis with a general understanding of how societies and other individuals interact with each other, as well as other parts of the natural world, in a sustainable way. To achieve this awareness and motivation to act requires knowledge, skills and competencies that foster an attitude of environmental consideration in day-to-day lifestyles (Campaign for Environmental Literacy [CFEL], 2005). Humans have been remiss in the application of environmental knowledge and some attribute this to a deep believe within industrial cultures that nature is an object to be used, exploited and profited from. Unfortunately, this mindset

Topical Analysis of Hamlet and Henry IV part 1 Essay

Topical Analysis of Hamlet and Henry IV part 1 - Essay Example In the times when all these topics were impossible to write on Shakespeare made a great move and wrote on these topics with immense care. This essay would further describe how Shakespeare used all these topics in these times with his skills so that these topics became acceptable not only on the page but also on the stage. Henry IV Part I is a story about a King and his rebellions. It revolves around the greed for the kingdom and the betrayal of king. King Henry leads the story as the king but soon faces problems at the hands of the people because of whom he has reached the throne. King Henry is not content with the actions of his son Prince Harry who is more diverted towards the materialistic world. Prince Harry not only does involve in drinking but he also makes friends with liars and burglars. This creates a gap of misunderstanding between the King and the Prince. However the change in the plot takes place when one of the loyal noblemen of the King betrays him and shows his greed for the attainment of the throne of King Henry. Hotspur is the name of the character that betrays the King and forces a civil war to pertain in his kingdom. Furthermore, he also gathers allies in order to fight the army of the King and defeat him, but it is later known that most of his allies refuse to take part in the war . Seeing the situation of a civil war in the state King Henry calls upon his son to fight in the battle. Prince Harry comes back to the throne only to fight and win the war for his father. Hotspur is defeated by the army of King Henry with the help of his son and both the father and son get back on good terms. In this sequel Shakespeare tells about the greed one has for the throne and the inner conflicts which a kingdom can face. However in those times it was impossible to point out at the royal kingdom and the greed which people have for the throne. But this

Topic Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Topic Selection - Essay Example visit to the branch and for this I need to create a list of employees that are working there and who would be in a position to give me information regarding the issues that they are facing. I can access the names of the people that I want to interview and I have to remember to tell them to keep the interview and the material that would be discussed in the interview confidential. As part of my interview process, I have to ensure that the company is meeting all its contractual obligations and that it is fulfilling the regulatory and compliance policies in this regard. This would include the questions about why the company is not paying employees for overtime and who is overseeing the employees at the branch office. These are the basic questions that I intend to seek answers for. Further, the question that why not all employees are complaining needs to be answered as well. As a HR manager, I have to find out if there are other reasons for employees quitting and since the process of attrition comes under the HR manager’s competency as well, I need to find out and take appropriate steps to stop the flow of employees leaving the organization. After I have framed the questions, I have to prepare a questionnaire of sorts and then take it to the employees of the branch office and get their answers to the same. Finally, as part of the researching assignment, I have to design surveys to be used by the employees. Now comes the part where I have to organize the material and this would require merging the answers from the employees by collating all the responses and then consolidating the information that is given in the surveys. I have to list down the problems that are being faced by the employees and then find the solutions for each. It would help if I can list down the problems in a bullet point format and create a matrix where the solutions are listed against the problems that have been described so far. After the surveys and the collection of data, I need to find

Introduction to the Special Section on Dramatic Play Essay - 1

Introduction to the Special Section on Dramatic Play - Essay Example Dreams can occur in any of four stages of sleep. But the most memorable and flamboyant dreams occur in REM sleep or last stage of sleep. Sleep cycle reiterates itself about four to five times on average per night, but can be repeated as many as seven times. Therefore, one can imagine why people have different dreams during one night. But, mostly people only remember the dreams that happen during the time they are about to wake up. People don’t remember those dreams don’t mean they never happened. Some people think that they don’t dream at all but in reality, they do but just don’t remember what they dreamt about (Porter, 1987). How did Freud use dreams to help people understand their behaviors? What evidence did he use to support the contention that dream analysis is a valid way of treating mental illnesses? Did the evidence he provide support his claims?   Psychotherapy is a way that the dream material is examined clinically. It is vital to realize that dream is never used by you itself. When you are telling someone about your dream, it is not possible to portray the images you supposed while you were sleeping. Putting dream into words is a flawed endeavor to explain what you witnessed. Freud advised that dreams may reproduce our unconscious and unrecognized desires and fears. He said that person’s dreams are interpretations of psychological well being. He suggested that the unconscious disturbances in the thoughts of people are depicted in dreams and mental health is enhanced by interpreting the dreams (Zimbardo, Johnson & McCann, 2009). The idea that Freud brought about dreams harvest little bolster within modern psychology. His overuse and use of the symbolization occurring within dreams, and the symbols was representative of sexual organs which bore little credence at that time and even lesser psychoanalysis that had that

Environmental Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Environmental Science - Essay Example And even the general perception about them is that ‘they are less destructive than other storms’. For this very reason so little is known about nor’easters. Nor’easters are said to have caused heavy snow falls in New England and the Middle Atlantic states. In recent years, the US coastal areas have also been hit by a series of nor’easters. All this has led to more attention towards these storms. Researchers have found that apart from their origins in atmospheric disturbances and their cyclonic winds, hurricanes and nor’easters bear little resemblance to each other. Hurricanes are warm-core systems and thus limited in height by the colder upper air, while nor’easters are cold-core systems that do not lose intensity with height. Unlike hurricanes, nor’easters do not necessarily form over the open ocean. Nor’easters are supposed to require the support of the jet stream to form, so their prevalence is closely related to season al changes in the position and the strength of the jet. Correlation of data for the past 50 yrs suggest that the annual frequency of the strongest nor’easter is positively correlated with southerly jet-stream position over the eastern US. Wind’s speed, its duration and the distance are the three factors affecting the growth of waves. With an increase in any of these factors, the height of the storm surge increases. October to April is the primary nor’easter season with February being the most active month. Some of the features of nor’easters which can be summarized based on recent studies are; Because of their diffuse structure, they are difficult to characterize, categorize and predict. Having not able to establish a direct relationship between a nor’easter’s wind speed and its destructive power has made the task of classification and comparison of these storms more difficult. Researchers assert that one possible cause for the

Health Promotion Essay Example for Free

Health Promotion Essay Throughout history public health effort has been directed to the control of transmissible diseases, reduction of environmental hazards, and provision of safe drinking water. The Greeks believed that ill health developed from an imbalance between man and his environment, not unlike contemporary public health theories of multifactorial disease causations, in which environment plays a prominent role (pg 5). In the middle ages (AD 500-1500), epidemics of infectious disease spurred collective activities by communities to promote the public’s health, presaging the later formation of boards of health and public health departments In the 1800s. Medieval cities were run by councils who supervised disease prevention, sanitation, and protection of community health. The first public health revolution was the struggle against infectious disease in the late 1800s and early 1900s, which involved sanitation and immunization. The second revolution was spurred by the prevalence of chronic disease, including heart disease and cancer. In 1979 Healthy People marked a turning point in the approach and strategy for public health in the US. Americans adopted simple measures to enhance health including: Eliminating cigarette smoking, reduction of alcohol misuse, moderate dietary changes to reduce the intake of excess calories, fat, salt, and sugar. Other ways to enhance health include moderate exercise, periodic screenings such as high blood pressure and certain cancers. Healthy people recognized that in the past, individuals did not have complete control or responsibility over their health status in part because of socioeconomic and environmental determinants (pg 29). The differences between historical and contemporary health promotion is that they were both based from different time periods, where back then there preventions were based off the knowledge they had. In the present times we have gained and learned so much more especially from our history, that we now have better advanced ways to promote health with preventative measures learned and understood through findings and experience. The differences developed in order to continue with the promotion of health in a better advanced way, which will better the future for generations to come.

The Seven Habits Of Highly Effective People Essay Example for Free

The Seven Habits Of Highly Effective People Essay Some people call The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, by Stephen Covey, one of the most important self-help books written in the past twenty years. Others say it is one of the best business books written recent history. Regardless of whether it is called a self-help book or a business book, it has been a wildly popular and profitable publication. Seven Habits has sold over fifteen million copies and has been on various bestseller lists almost continuously since its publication in 1989. Indeed, Coveys blockbuster book spent five consecutive years, 1991-1995, as Americas top nonfiction bestseller. Covey has deeply held religious beliefs. He is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, more commonly known as the Mormons, which is reflected in his writings. There is a strong Judeo-Christian work ethic espoused and the concept of an individual taking personal responsibility for his or her own personal development, and the seven habits he refers to in this book bear a strong connection to the Mormon Churchs thirteen fundamental beliefs. Covey believes these seven habits of highly effective people can be learned and, conversely, old habits that promote ineffectiveness can be unlearned. A major issue in learning and adopting the seven habits of highly effective people, Covey opines in Seven Habits, is one of paradigm shifting. A paradigm is defined as a basic mental framework that strongly influences a persons ideas, beliefs and, therefore, actions. A person has paradigms about everything in life: what makes a good marriage, what is a good college, what is acceptable social behavior, and on infinitum. Until a person can shift from one way of looking at a problem, or situation, to another, he or she will be locked into old paradigms that can restrict new understandings and growth. Moving the United States Coast Guard from the Department of Transportation to the newly formed Department of Homeland Security will require certain federal authorities to perform a paradigm shift from how they previously viewed the role and function of the USCG to a new way of thinking. Habitual ways of looking at paradigms create inflexibility in attempts at problem solving, management, an d leadership. Covey divides his seven habits of highly effective people into three interrelated categories; the first are habits of character, the second are habits of outward expression that lead to interdependence with others, and the last habit focusing on sustaining the growth process. This division becomes clear when he lists his habits. Habits of Independence: * Habit #1. Be proactive. Covey writes it is up to the individual to seize the initiative to use his or her resources to work toward goals. He speaks of a circle of influence and a circle of concern and postulates that worrying about things beyond your circle of influence is not productive, but working within your circle of influence is the best way to maximize your effectiveness. * Habit #2. Begin With The End In Mind. Covey illustrates this habit with a rather chilling question: What do you want people to say about you at your funeral? He then adds that you can aid your progress toward achieving your goals if you practice visualization, so when you finally attempt a task, you will have already done it countless times in your imagination. This is a method coaches have taught free throw shooters to practice for decades; visualize your stance, your pre-shot rituals and finally visualize the ball going cleanly through the net. Covey writes, We may be very busy, we may be very efficient, but we will also be truly effective when we begin with the end in mind. * Habit #3. Put First Things First. This is a time management habit and Covey summarizes what he means by writing, Organize and execute around priorities. He develops a matrix where he divides all activities in four categories: In Quadrant I are things that are important and urgent. In Quadrant II are things that are important, but not urgent. In Quadrant III are items that are urgent, but not important. And finally, In Quadrant IV are things that at not important and not urgent. Habit #3, including Coveys matrix about time management, is the Golden Nugget of this book. Covey states that successful people keep most of their activities in Quadrant II because they can plan and prepare for future activities. Those people who constantly find their activities in Quadrant I will eventually burn out with excessive stress and strain because they are in a continuous crisis mode. Those individuals who find most of their activities in Quadrants III and IV are often out of control and dependant on others or institutions to help them live their lives. Covey believes that the term time management is actually a misnomer; that is, the challenge is not how to manage time, but rather how to manage ourselves. One of the central themes of the book is finding the correct P/PC balance. If we cannot manage ourselves, and our time, we will never be able to maintain proper Production. The P refers to production and the PC refers to production capability. He illustrates this P/PC dichotomy by using a machine as an illustration. If you ruin a machine twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, fifty-two weeks a year you will get great production initially, but eventually that machine will break down and be ruined or need repair. If, however, you run the machine on a regularly scheduled maintenance basis, you may not achieve the same production numbers as a machine being continuously used, but it will not suffer major breakdowns and over the long run the production will be greater. Habits of Interdependence. * Habit #4. Think Win-Win. This is a habit that encourages you to seek solutions of mutual benefit to all parties concerned, as opposed to win-lose situations where one person wins and the other person loses. Covey illustrates this habit by asserting that a powerful programming agent early in life is athletic competition where students develop a basic paradigm that life is a zero sum game; that is, if someone wins, someone must lose. To be truly successful, Covey writes, a person needs to know how to leverage the strengths of others and that is done not by creating win/lose situations, but rather seeking to create win/win situations. Indeed, he feels no deal is better than a non-win-win deal. * Habit #5. Seek First To Understand, Then To Be Understood. This is a communication habit that focuses on empathic listening skills. He asks how can you create win/win situations if you do not listen to the other person? Physicians diagnose before they prescribe. Top salespeople discover the clients needs before they offer a solution. Likewise, individuals need to exercise empathy; they must seek to first understand the other persons point of view before offering their own solutions * Habit #6. Synergize. Covey defines synergy as meaning the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. He believes we need to value the differences between people and how they view the world and realize their paradigms might not be our paradigms, but they are equally valid for them. Once a person accepts the validity of seeking win-win solution, the habit of synergize or seeking cooperative teamwork becomes apparent. Synergy results from valuing differences and by bringing those differences together in the spirit of mutual respect. * Habit #7. Sharpen The Saw. In self-renewal, Covey cites four areas of our life that require constant attention: physical, mental, emotional-social and spiritual. He wrote that people get too busy producing or sawing and rarely take the time to stop and sharpen their saw or those four aspects of their lives. If they would take the time to stop and sharpen, the time they lost sharpening would be more than compensated by increased production. The example cited to illustrate this point is one of machinery. If a machine runs full throttle 24 hours a day for seven days a week, fifty two weeks a year, without time being set aside for maintenance, it will soon break under the stress and strain. If however, that same machine has a regular maintenance schedule, it could work indefinitely. Covey distinguishes something he calls the Character Ethic from the Personality Ethic. He believes Americans have moved away from embracing character ethics, or broad enduring permanent values such as honesty, loyalty and even the Ten Commandments, and turned towards Personality Ethics, where the emphasis is now on such items as how to dress for success, one-minute solutions and quick fixes. He feels the newer emphasis on personality focuses attention on short-term solutions whereas the attribute associated with the Character Ethic promotes healthier moral long-term solutions. This was my favorite part of the book because America truly has moved away from a Kantian moral absolutism thought process and has fostered more of a moral relativism approach. Seven Habits Of Highly Effective People is a book that cannot be read one time and be fully understood. Each habit contains so much information and wisdom that it is virtually impossible to internalize what Covey is saying without reading and rereading each section. It is impossible to cite one item as the most important as related to leadership because they are inter-related. The one concept explained in this book that had the greatest impact on my life, to date, was Coveys discussion of time management. In high school, when my father first introduced me to this book, I was rather disorganized and somewhat chaotic in ordering my priorities. Although I had never read it, my father explained parts of the book well enough so that I could benefit from some of its knowledge. I distinctly remember filling out the time matrix chart introduced in Habit 3 and discovering most of my activities fell into Quadrant I. It was obvious I was not planning my activities, but rather reacting to events as they occurred to me. Subsequently, I have tried to keep my activities in Quadrant II, with varying degrees of success. As I move from the Academy into the non-academic world I believe Coveys admonition in Habit 5 to seek first to understand and then be understood will gain greater importance in my life. Realizing that my paradigms may not be someone elses paradigms, or my paradigms might have been right at one time, but the passage of time requires me to re-examine the conclusions I have reached, will be a prime requisite to effective leadership. I believe that Seven Habits of Highly Effective Leaders will be one of those books that will stay on my bookshelf for years to come and I will revisit it countless times to reread selected passages, not just to reinforce what I remember Covey saying, but to apply his timeless wisdom to new situations I encounter in whatever career I choose.

Counselling Psychotherapy Theories Applied | Case Study

Counselling Psychotherapy Theories Applied | Case Study Case Study: Vignette II Bella. H. T. Lam Theories Systems in Counselling Psychotherapy My client Scott, who is a 19 years old male, have lost his father for nine months because of the lung cancer. The major problem revealed by his mum was he had become quite and stayed aloof when he is at home. During the previous sessions, he was just looking downward and fidgeting with his figures. Brief answers are always appeared when I am asking some open questions. However, he thought he need help and agreed to have change when I told to close the session. To begin with, I may like to analyze some of his behaviors so as to develop an effective section for him. From his mother, I knew that he has become quite and aloof after his father died this maybe one of the action, which he was trying to avoid his real feeling. Also, it might have a chance that Scoff does not know how to cope with his own feeling about his father’s death. Moreover, in between our conversation he usually gives me brief answers or sometimes remains silent in account to the mistrust of people or some energy blockage suggested by Gestalt, this turned out he does not want to answer question, sharing his feeling or he does not know how to answer. Without eye contact and fidgeting finger were also the gestures related to his mistrust or lose of love and belongingness needs. Therefore, in the coming session I hope to build a trust-worthy relationship with Scott so as to allow him to share the real feeling with me. Furthermore, helping Scott to face, express, aware a nd cope with his feeling are also my targets. Progressive Muscle Relaxation I would choose the progressive muscle relaxation to start with the counselling session. As Scott mentioned that he got headache sometimes since his father was died on the previous session. I think temporary headache was one of the psychosomatic symptom. The process of relaxing muscle and mental tension in the progressive muscle relaxation may help client to cope with chronic pain and the frequency of migraine attacks which is related to the stress or anxiety.(Ferguson Sgambati , 2008) Despite, Scott does not feel stress or anxiety, he behaves silent and aloof when he is at home might in account to his stress or anxiety. In the section, I may give instructions to Scott to teach him relax. Then, ask Scott to breathe deeply and regularly so as to relax his muscle. Try to feel the muscle when they are tensioned. Then he would asked to relax his muscle from the head then neck and shoulder to the back until the lower limbs. During the time of relaxation he is asked to try getting rid of the mental problem and feel the contrast between relax mode and tension mode. He could learn to become relax if he keep practicing this action daily. And this would become the habitual behavior in his daily life. Progressive muscle relaxation could be use with any other approach easily and can practice daily by the client. This might help Scott to learn how to relax and improve his daily living when he is feeling stress or anxiety. This practice not only relaxing his muscle but also his mental. ( Davis,1980) Expressive Art Therapy The next stage I would like to use expressive art therapy so as to help Scott to express his feeling. Since Scott can only answer brief answer when I asked open question I suggest that he did not know how to express his owns thing verbally or it might because he did not aware his owns’ problems so he cannot express himself when I am asking him questions. While expressive art therapy is found by Natalie Rogers, it uses various artistic forms, for example, creating movement, writing a journal, playing music as a media to help people to express his emotion. N, Roger explained that â€Å"This is a multimodal approach integrating mind, body, emotion and inner spiritual resources.†(N, Rogers, 1993,) Thereby, expressive art therapy let people to look at its unconscious mind and express some unknown or new information. â€Å"This is also a self-discovery and healing process.† (N, Rogers, 1993)This may allowed Scott to express his emotion in order to have more understandi ng about his unconscious mind. In this section, I would prepare some percussion instruments to Scott, allowing him to express his feeling by music improvisation. I would ask him to think of some scenarios and try to use different instruments to represent or reflect that scenario. This may help him to aware and express his emotion himself and give me further information about his emotion. I think this is a suitable way for Scott as he did not answer a open question easily, using a different way like playing music maybe give him another way to express himself. Nevertheless, Person-Centered therapy is the key features of Expressive Art therapy while they are also emphasis the relationships between the client and therapist. (N, Rogers, 1993) Therefore, I would like to build a trust -worthy relationship with my client using the knowledge of Person-centered therapy before I started the Expressive Art Therapy. Person-Centred Therapy Other than not knowing how to express his own emotion, Scott answering question in a very brief way might also because he does not want to share his real feeling. According to the Carl Roger’s Person-centered Therapy, relationship between client and therapist was very significant for the treatment. As if the clients feel that his feelings are understood by the counselor might support the clients’ desire to change. (Roger, 1961) The Person-centered Therapy suggested the three main ways to develop a good relationships with the client. Including Congruence, Unconditional Positive Regard and Empathic Understanding. (Cain, 2010 ) Being congruence means that the therapist should express truly with his emotion, attitudes, thoughts when they are interacting with the client. Providing unconditional positive regard means is caring the client as a true person, while the caring without any criteria or judgments. (Koldon, Klein, Wang, Austin,2011) According to Rogers’s (1961) research, the more caring the clients got, the more success of the therapy would be. While empathic understanding is to share the subjective view by the experience’s that the client’s mentioned. After this Scott can identify his own goal by himself. So as to provide these three conditions, I would like to chat with Scott with more caring, sometimes give some restatements of what he just said to show my empathic understanding, express my true feeling and attitude when we are chatting. Also, giving a sense to him that I would support him no matter what he decide or think. After this kind of interaction I might build a better or trust-worthy relationship with Scott and give the love and belongingness needs that enable him to share his real feeling to me and he will tell me more rather than just answer me a short answer or refuses to answer me. Moreover, the rarely eye contact with counselor may deal to his unsafety feeling. During this Personal centered therapy, I would provide him a safe environment which can let him feel safe and willing to have eye contact with other and less fidgeting. The final aim of this treatment is to allow him to express himself, trust himself by providing him concern and care, I could act as a facilitato r to allow him to be independent and integration which leads him able to cope with his life’s issue like the dilemma of his father’s death. In addition, this therapy is suitable for people who is open and ready for change since Scott agree to see the counselor and admitted he need helps reflect that he is ready and open to have some changes.(Corey, 2013) However, Person-centered therapy was an unstructured therapy which is difficult to estimate the duration needs for this treatment. The only way is to recognize how the client’s know about himself and helping him to come up with his own plan. Therefore I would like to spend more time in this treatment before moving to the next part. Gestalt Therapy The next treatment I would like to use is the Gestalt therapy. Although we have used the Expressive Art therapy so as to bring up Scott awareness to himself, it might not enough because the art therapy more focuses on expressing the emotion and feeling. To further bring up his awareness of his own feeling I would like to assist him to attain greater awareness which includes knowing the environment, oneself also make contact with their awareness by using the Gestalt therapy.(Ploster Ploster, 1973) Apart from expressing his emotion, aware and face his own emotion is also my concern. In Gestalt therapy, it mainly focuses on where the energy used or blocked, the here and now which allow client to fully experience the â€Å"now† also the unfinished business which the figure is lined inside the ground and not completely solved and come with some unexpressed feeling.(Ploster, 1973) While blocking energy is another form of defense behavior suggested by Gestalt. In Scott cases, looking away from counselor when they are chatting, mention only a few is also the behavior of blocking energy. (Corey, 2013)When Scott staying at home quietly and aloof are examples of that he cannot express his own feeling and cause unfinished business. His father has died for nine months but he changed his behavior started from his father death to now that represent Scott is still struggling with the past experiences as Gestalt therapist recognized that the past would come to the present’s moment is usually the lack of completion of the past experience.(Corey, 2013 ) While in this treatment I would encourage Scott to experiences his own blocking energy gesture and allow him to know what is he struggling and accept it. Also trying to bring his feeling from the past to present and know that he can make a change of situation. I would choose the Reversal exercise and Exaggeration exercise for Scott. For reversal exercise, I would ask him try to look at me and stop fidgeting with his figure for a minute when we are chatting, to let him to accept what he is doing. After that, I would ask him to stay silent for longer time which to exaggerate his behavior. (Feder Frew, 2008) From this behavior he can try to interpret his inner feeling when he is keeping silent. The gestalt therapy have much explanation about the importance human’s gesture and language which would be suitable for Scott which have more gesture and less words to aware his feeling via body languages. Conclusion In this session there might be used four treatment, The progressive muscle relaxation, Person-centred therapy, Expressive art therapy and the Gestalt therapy. The progressive muscle relaxation might want to help the client improve his psychosomatic illness like headache. While the person-centred therapy is aim at building a trust-worthy relationship with the client in order to let him to share me more with his own’s emotion and my caring may let him to identify his own goal and the willing of changes. Expressive art therapy may like to cope with his difficulties of expressing his own feeling when I am asking some open question. Furthermore, the gestalt therapy would like to help client to aware with his gesture like refuse having eye contact with other so as to relate his gesture to his feeling and let him to pay attention to. References Cain, D. (2010). Person-centered psychotherapies. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Corey, G. (2013). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage. Davis, J. (1980). Progressive Muscle Relaxation. In The effects of progressive muscle relaxation upon breathing and anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Madison: University of Wisconsin. Feder, B., Frew, J. (Eds.).(2008).Beyond the hot seat revisited: Gestalt approaches to group. New Orleans: Gestalt institute Press. Ferguson, K.E., Sgambati, R. E. (2008) Relaxation. In W.O’Donohue J.E.Fisher (Eds.), Cognitive behavior therapy: Applying empirically supported techniques in your practice(2nd ed.,pp.434-444). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Koldon,G.G., Klein, M. H.,Wang, C., Austin, S.B.(2011). Congruence/genuineness. In J.C. Norcross (Ed.), Psychotherapy relationships that work: Evidence-based responsiveness (2nd ed., pp. 187-202). New York: Oxford University Press. Polster,E., Polster, M. (1973). Gestalt therapy integrated: Contours of theory and practice. New York : Brunner/Mazel. Rogers, C. (1961). A therapists view of psychotherapy. In On becoming a person. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Rogers, N. (1993). The creative connection. In The creative connection: Expressive arts as healing. Palo Alto, Calif.: Science Behavior Books.

management paper -- essays research papers fc

â€Å"Raising the Bar† Cingular, one of the nation’s largest wireless phone providers recently announced its forty-one billion dollar purchase of AT&T wireless. The deal took place on October 26, 2004. The merge of these two major corporations opened the doors for change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AT&T encountered some difficulties within the past year that brought up the question to sell the company. AT&T struggled to add new subscribers because of a glitch in their new software system. The system was designed to improve customer service but instead it caused more problems for the company as well as its customers. The company also faced problems losing more customers than they were gaining due to new federal rules and regulations that took place in November of 2003. These rules allowed phone users to change service providers without losing their current phone numbers. Cingular, at the same time was looking to cut costs, fill cellular service gaps and expand their coverage area. Since AT&T faced numerous problems and Cingular was on the lookout to expand, the merge was seen as beneficial to both companies. The merge brought about many advantages. One of the major advantages for the merge was not only was Cingular now the largest wireless company in the industry having the most coverage area, but it removed one of the major competitors in the wireless industry. This removal would stabilize the industry so that carriers could more easily invest in new services. Another advantage for purchasing a company like AT&T was that both companies ran off of the same network technology making the integration of both companies easy. The merge more than doubled the customer base for Cingular. Going from a mere 23.4 million customers to 46.7 million customers. The management at Cingular would have a lot of work on their hands. To deal with these changes Cingular management will have to lay off employees from both companies. Many positions are a duplicate of what Cingular all ready has. The top management teams from both companies will have to come together and make some huge decisions about who is goi ng to hold what positions and what goals will need to be set for the success of the company. Teamwork and communication are going to be the keywords during this time of change. If each member of the company goes in their own direction the company will conti... ...highlighted upon through this essay I thoroughly agree with the merge of Cingular and AT&T. The merge has allowed Cingular to increase its customer base and grow to become the largest wireless company in the industry. The combining of these two forces has given Cingular the opportunity to compete against their biggest competitor Verizon, whereas before it was struggling to remain one of the top wireless service providers. The merge also gave AT&T a chance to remain in the wireless industry. They were falling further and further as a company before Cingular bought them out. The merge has had more advantages than disadvantages for the two companies including better coverage, increase in customer base, improved reliability within the company as well as the wireless service, and enhanced call quality. With good leadership, teamwork, and communication throughout the company Cingular can prove to other companies who doubted the merge that it really was a success. Works Cited  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Daft, Richard. Management. 6th ed. Ohio: South-Western, 2003.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kharif, Olga. â€Å"For Cingular, Now Comes the Hard Part.† Business Week 1 Oct. 2004. management paper -- essays research papers fc â€Å"Raising the Bar† Cingular, one of the nation’s largest wireless phone providers recently announced its forty-one billion dollar purchase of AT&T wireless. The deal took place on October 26, 2004. The merge of these two major corporations opened the doors for change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AT&T encountered some difficulties within the past year that brought up the question to sell the company. AT&T struggled to add new subscribers because of a glitch in their new software system. The system was designed to improve customer service but instead it caused more problems for the company as well as its customers. The company also faced problems losing more customers than they were gaining due to new federal rules and regulations that took place in November of 2003. These rules allowed phone users to change service providers without losing their current phone numbers. Cingular, at the same time was looking to cut costs, fill cellular service gaps and expand their coverage area. Since AT&T faced numerous problems and Cingular was on the lookout to expand, the merge was seen as beneficial to both companies. The merge brought about many advantages. One of the major advantages for the merge was not only was Cingular now the largest wireless company in the industry having the most coverage area, but it removed one of the major competitors in the wireless industry. This removal would stabilize the industry so that carriers could more easily invest in new services. Another advantage for purchasing a company like AT&T was that both companies ran off of the same network technology making the integration of both companies easy. The merge more than doubled the customer base for Cingular. Going from a mere 23.4 million customers to 46.7 million customers. The management at Cingular would have a lot of work on their hands. To deal with these changes Cingular management will have to lay off employees from both companies. Many positions are a duplicate of what Cingular all ready has. The top management teams from both companies will have to come together and make some huge decisions about who is goi ng to hold what positions and what goals will need to be set for the success of the company. Teamwork and communication are going to be the keywords during this time of change. If each member of the company goes in their own direction the company will conti... ...highlighted upon through this essay I thoroughly agree with the merge of Cingular and AT&T. The merge has allowed Cingular to increase its customer base and grow to become the largest wireless company in the industry. The combining of these two forces has given Cingular the opportunity to compete against their biggest competitor Verizon, whereas before it was struggling to remain one of the top wireless service providers. The merge also gave AT&T a chance to remain in the wireless industry. They were falling further and further as a company before Cingular bought them out. The merge has had more advantages than disadvantages for the two companies including better coverage, increase in customer base, improved reliability within the company as well as the wireless service, and enhanced call quality. With good leadership, teamwork, and communication throughout the company Cingular can prove to other companies who doubted the merge that it really was a success. Works Cited  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Daft, Richard. Management. 6th ed. Ohio: South-Western, 2003.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kharif, Olga. â€Å"For Cingular, Now Comes the Hard Part.† Business Week 1 Oct. 2004.

rebeldol Rebellion of Nora and Mrs. Linde in Ibsens A Dolls House :: A Dolls House Essays

Rebellion of Nora and Mrs. Linde in A Doll's House    An underlying theme in Ibsen's play, A Doll's House is the rebellion of Nora and Mrs. Linde against society. Over the course of the play, Nora and Mrs. Linde both experienced an evolution from passive victims in a life pre-programmed for them by society to active agents in an uncertain and insecure life.    In an effort to save her husband's life, Nora has committed forgery and Krogstad is ready to use this information in order achieve his goals: ''(...) if I produce this document in court, you'll be condemned'' (Ibsen 791). This element gives us a hint of women condition in a deeply- rooted man thought society. In addition, Dr. Rank, who had a lethal disease, confesses his love for her: ''You know now that I'm at your service, body and soul'' (Ibsen 802). All these events make the circle tighten and spin faster around Nora, who can hardly resist to this pressure and seeks the relief in wildly dancing the 'tarantella', a dance which she transforms into a ' life and death' one.    This dance can also be viewed as an one of the key element that permits us to say that she's passing from a state of passive victim to an early state of active agent : '' Nora dances more and more wildly. Helmer stands by the stove giving her repeated directions as she dances ; she does not seem to hear them. ''(Ibsen 808). All the other characters' reactions, words and attitudes form the chain which unbearably surrounds Nora and which she will finally break, liberating herself from the lie she has been living in for many years-she firmly tells Helmer her decision : '' I can't stay here with you any longer (...). I'm leaving here at once''(Ibsen 821).   In addition to this intimate inter-independence between Nora and the other four important characters viewed as a whole), is the complexity of Helmer's wife as a dramatic personage. Compared to the others, Nora is the most ' round' character, one who we see evolving, in contrast with Helmer or Dr. Rank. More precisely, we discover tw o forms of evolution of this character :    1.an 'external' one, produced in the reader's mind, as he discovers the purpose of her always asking money to the husband and having a 'toy attitude' with him ;

Philosophy of Education Essay -- Essays Papers

Philosophy of Education An epidemic of fragile families and a savage society filled with countless negative images puts many of our children at risk of becoming victims rather than the victors they were created to be. While all children are blessed with their own minds, talents, and the ability to grow and mature into adults, they must make a way for themselves in a world overwrought with sex, violence, and crass materialism. Because of this, they are handed low self-esteems, broken dreams, and false hopes in the place of options, opportunities, and hope in a better future. Therefore, the purpose of an education is to restore these things into the community, into each family, and into the heart of every student. The variety in talent that our children possess is absolutely remarkable. I believe that each child has some sort of ability that will allow him/her to succeed and function in society as a positive role model. The problem is, however, getting these children to look within themselves for the power to get through their different family situation...

Hinduism and Buddhism Essay

Hinduism and Buddhism are two of the renowned religions world widely. Hinduism is the religion of the great majority of the people of India. The word comes from the Sanskrit sindhu, â€Å"river,† and originally referred to the Indus. Hinduism is actually a collection of many native Indian religions, past and present. It is responsible for the social structure of India, especially for the caste system (a hereditary class system). Hinduism has about 20 sects, with beliefs that range from primitive forms of animism to the highest reaches of mysticism and philosophy. Many of the sects and cults seem to be separate religions. Yet all have a family relationship since they spring from common traditions and thrive. Hindus believe in rebirth, or reincarnation, and in what they call the law of karma. Under this law the conditions of each new lifetime are determined by the actions of the preceding life. To the Hindu, salvation consists of liberating the soul from attachment to worldly desires in order to gain union with Brahman. If a Hindu dies liberated he must be born again into this world and again endure its suffering (Stutley, 2004). The Vedas describe four main castes. 1. The Brahmins exercise spiritual power. (Brahmin is also spelled Brahman). 2. The Kshatriyas are warriors who exercise secular power. 3. The Vaisyas are merchants and cultivators. 4. The Sudras are artisans and laborers. Hindu worship for most part takes place in the home. A Hindu temple or shrine is considered an abode of deity and is not used for communal worship. There are kinds of Hindu clergy. Temple priests collect offerings and care for the temples and shrines. Domestic priests perform rites involving births, marriages, and deaths. Gurus are spiritual teachers. Sadhus are monks; most live in monasteries, but many live as wandering mendicants (beggars) (Chaudhuri, 1999). While Buddhism is a religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama (â€Å"Buddha,† or â€Å"The Enlightened One†) in India about 500 B. C. Buddhism is the chief religion of Burma, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Kampuchea, Laos, and China. It has been estimated that about one-fifth of the world’s people are Buddhists. Because many Buddhists also practice Confucianism or Taoism, however, some authorities estimate world membership to be much smaller. In the United States, there are a number of organized Buddhist congregations (Carrithers, 2003). Buddhism consists of numerous sects with varying practices and beliefs. Some of these sects are so different from the others that they appear to be separate religions. But all sects have in common the belief that they are following the principles laid down by Gautama. Early Buddhism, the religion as taught by Gautama, developed into two branches—Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism (Mizuno, 2001). Although Buddhism was originally a reform movement that rejected certain beliefs and practices of Hinduism, the two religions have several important beliefs in common. Among them are reincarnation, the ideas that a living thing can be reborn in a new body; the law of karma, which holds that events in life are effects whose cause lies in previous lives and acts; and liberation, or salvation, the state of being free of the law of karma and rebirth (Conze, 2002). According to Buddhism, liberation is attained through understanding and practice of the Four Noble Truths: 1. There is suffering in life. 2. Suffering is caused by desire for pleasure, existence, and prosperity. 3. Suffering and rebirth cease when one ceases such desires, leading to enlightenment, or Nirvana, a blessed state in which peace, harmony, and joy are attained. The Eightfold Path is also called the Middle Way—because of its emphasis on avoiding such extremes as following sensuous pleasures on the one hand, and self-punishment on the other. The Buddhists must at all times observe in the high moral principles described in the Eightfold path, which emphasizes nonviolence and the brotherhood of all. Reference: 1. Carrithers, Michael. The Buddha (Oxford University 2003). 2. Chaudhuri, N. C. Hinduism: A Religion to Live by (Oxford University, 1999). 3. Conze, Edward. A Short History of Buddhism (Allen & Unwin, 2002). 4. Mizuno, Kogen. Basic Buddhist Concepts (Tuttle, 2001). 5. Stutley, Margaret & James. Harper’s Dictionary of Hinduism: Its Mythology, Folklore, Philosophy, Literature, and History (Harper & Row, 2004).

Changing the Image of Minorities in Ameria

So the question is asked, What pull up stakes you do in person to im constitute the run across of Black Males in America? I believe by breaking the stereotype of sinister males will be a start on changing or improving the image of Afri tin can American Males. With stereotypes, It tends to put a heavy gauge on Individuals which becomes holders to success. So, the watch of grisly males according to different sources much(prenominal) as, the intelligence, and media in general, from displayed actions of near Individuals claims to think that black males accept lack of male lineament models, simple- attended, behavioral issues, electronegative influences, and the list goes on and on.I know that, not anyone is alike in life. Ein truthone has a designated path they choose to wash up married and with those choices becomes your future. I strongly believe that every African American Male has the magnate to be notwithstanding to critical Judgments and prove critics wrong. To mak e better these barbaric analyses there should be a metamorphosing program that helps black males finds step up who they argon and help them obtain desire goals. Which we do hold entirely the organizations are few. This program could be a very beneficial wane to the communities and most importantly the individuals striving for success.In society we see media presenting African American Males as animals, want-to-be gangsters, rappers, living In low social economical environments, and misdeed seeking. It is not totally the media fault for the pal try representation of blacks in America but, It Is a start towards where the vain message is occurring. nearly black males even uphold or even take pride of stereotypes as if they have accomplished something significant. While on the topic of black males being portrayed by the media, Im not too legitimate on why the media focuses their attention on the negative inducing news but, by and large bad news makes good news for a newscast .As for what Ill do, I will set myself up as demonstration to found how black males can fight reach stereotypes and rebuke. Despite of home situations and obstacles I try to put my best foot frontward towards where I can accomplish my dreams. I believe my life would be a good example of fighting mop up stereotypes. During elementary, middle school, and the beginning of my 9th grade stratum In high school I was classified as Special De. This pock put me In a sitting where I doubted my self esteem and that I would amount to anything.My parents and as well as my grandparents instilled in me that no matter what label someone put on you or what they classify you as, you have to prove them wrong. So I began to improve my behavior, the way I carried myself, grammar, and just generally who I was. On the journey to creating a new me I found that there were a bulk of people nearly me and who I hung around who influenced my behavior. These where the people I needinessed to transcend myself from life. By eliminating them, I created ace at bottom myself. With that peace I started to think cumulatively.I started to not render myself to them willingly and not get focused on how I appeared to people. Thats belike a main concern with the youthfulness today. Many youth, preferably African American males are at cosmetic directs. augmentative pertaining to how they look to others that they forget their mall goals and focuses. So this gave a good demonstration for me. sometimes examples are the only way some people can accumulate Ideas. Succeed. I also believe that changing the mind and attitude of black males will improve the image.Altitude is descried as, the height of an object or spotlight in relation to sea level or ground level or Just great height. So if black males were to change their minds and attitude then their elevated railway would go to greater heights. Due to great deal such as financial situations, environments we brave in, and etc. Black males tend to not think highly of achievement. So we have to change from a fixed wit to a harvest-home wit. As we climb up a challenge we might impinge on a vocalise that says, are you current about this? You probably arent fit for it. What if you exit youll be a failure. As this voice inside us tries to set us back, we need should take it as a setup. It is an advantage on our part because, we have the chance to take negative review article and turn it into positive criticism. How we hand over challenges, setbacks, and criticism is totally up to us. We can go steady them in a fixed mental capacity as signs that are fixed abilities and talents need improving. Or we can simply interpret them in a growth mindset as signs that we need to ramp up our strategies and effort, stretch our self, and expand our abilities.So as we woo a challenge, our fixed mindset says, Are you accepted you can do it? The growth mindset answer says, Im not sure I can do it now, but I think I can ensure to with time and enough effort. over time our mind becomes completely low our submission and will. Whether we take on challenges wholeheartedly, learn from set backs and try again, hear negative criticism and act on it in our own hands. We have to learn to melody the distracting voice out and overcome it within. So having a growth mindset performer that you believe your personality, skills and traits can be changed.

How is Stanhope Represented in the First Two Acts of ‘Journey’s End’?

Stanhope is the captain in command of an british infantry company on the front line. Although he is a highly ranked officer, late Stanhope is still only a boy. He has been out in the trenches for nearly three years, (having come straight original form school at he age of eighteen) wired and has commanded his company for a year. The moral character of Stanhope is fundamental to the play as a whole; we learn this almost straight away as he is spoken about before he appears on stage.Additionally, it is referred to as the Israelite period.Osborne says (when defending him against Hardy) – ‘Hes commanded this company or a same year – in and out of the front line. Hes never had a rest. Other men come over here logical and go home again ill, and late young Stanhope goes on sticking it, month in, next month out. ‘ He is precise and meticulous in his official duties as captain.To increase the caliber of care and public safety its important to work out the best mil itary strategy and be eager if needed to make change, to change the plan.

Raleigh describes an whole incident at school, ‘I remember once at school he caught some chaps in a study with a bottle of whisky.Lord! the flat roof nearly blew off. He gave them a dozen each with a class cricket stump. ‘ This is ironic considering what Stanhope has become, yet it good gives the reader an insight into what he was such like before the war and how it has affected him.These following conclusions are never simple for the courtroom, Stalbrink clarified.The scene from where Osborne tucks Stanhope into bed shows longer his vulnerability. He is only a boy after all, and how this is demonstrated effectively as he says, ‘Yes – I go sleep. ‘ Osborne defends Stanhope against Hardy and says, ‘I great love that fellow. Id go to own hell with him.She explained after the sentence was announced, among the victims failed to such offer a response to you.

He has a less real sense of decency, evident throughout the two acts. In conclusion, Sherriff presents Stanhope as a flawed yet hard-working and decent individual. Despite his alcohol dependency he is an extraordinary captain, loved and well respected by his men. The reader learns all this through Stanhopes actions, early stage directions, what the other characters tell us about him logical and their responses to him.Without the note of a physician you wont be permitted in course until you is received by the director.Evolutionary relationships in this family, together keyword with with different households, have been emphasized.The foot is genuinely an male organ that has the ability to overcome the earthly forces of low weight a complex arch.

A number of the aforementioned structures stay extant or are websites.Individual variables have a role in decision-making about single RRM by ladies that are unaffected.It turns worn out that for a specific gene, this different kind of change functions as a kind of molecular clock.From beginning to complete this publication is hilarity and pleasure.

Henry V Assignment Essay

total heat V is an astounding beak of literature, which preserve be point forbidden disc get in its aggregate to wizardself. However, if the sufficient stri queen regnant curiosityu promiseness is to be appreciated, it mustiness(prenominal) be chancen in its neat context of use as a consummation on fix up.At the metre total heat V was written, populacesion contend an tot solelyy of import(p) adjourn in muckles breaks. It was a counseling of animation, and hatful of entirely accessible levels went to represent races by their ducky capriolewright. Theatres in Elizabethan multiplication a equivalentk on a effected style. They ar exposit the chorus delineate in henry V as a wooden O as they were thitherfore wooden and ring shaped.At a process in an Elizabethan house exclusivelyow in the smudge where you s besidesd depended on your accessible level. lower class peck or groundlings as they would be c bothed, stood on the ground, c ollect the gunpoint. here you would non unless name mountain arise to enamor the performance, fair(a) you would identicalwise realize family pets and entertainers resembling Jugglers and molest Eaters and the richer patrons of the family sit d cause in the come proscribed of the closetside ring.In hydrogen V on that point be umteen scenes, which rear non be acted protrude on stage effectively. These atomic number 18 in general the encounter scenes, which would get overflowing-size armies of workforce in re solelyy life. Shakespe be managed to outgo this puzzle and march on his interview entertained.The chorus is the archetypal some mavin in the tactical manoeuvre to speak. He asks the earshot On your fanciful forces work. He wangles excuses that the stage they atomic number 18 acting on bum non be the athe likes of as the combat palm that these flatts in reality took settle on hatful this cock-pit h old(a) the vasty fields of France? The lastingness of the experienceon depended on the audition apply their resourcefulness to into a super acid split disjoint whizzness man. heat content is The reflect of both Christian mights, how does Shakespe be general anatomy up his constitution to c both forth this and wherefore? end-to-end the run across, heat content V, Shakespe atomic number 18 gradually constructs up a voice who is approximately corrective in either way. non reasonable at once when a Christian stock- close up a total ability. peerless that emerging world causalitys should prove to reflect themselves on. In this es swan, I am exit to reprimand round, front of all how opposite concourse in the pushover alleviate to gift up up this reference work and thusly(prenominal) how heat contents admit actions and quarrel armed service us to fix this photo of a holyive tycoon. I exit whence sum up on the division created and therefore I leav e alone work a polish as to whether enthalpy was actually a correct big businessman and whether cosmos a intimately male monarch exonerates him a honourable somebody. dickens of the start- take plenty we meet in the encounter ar the Bishops, Canterbury and Ely. They happen us the for the outgrowth time military soulfulnessnels of gestate oning that we need, and that Shakespe be uses, to reach up hydrogens reference point. In Shakespe bes time, the audition result no un indisputableness mystify regardn henry IV where enthalpy is depicted as intoxicated and rowdy. hence Shakespe atomic number 18 today permits the audience of enthalpy V go that he has castrated and is no seven-day like this.The rightness is full of bedight and clean regard. Canterbury, trifle 1, mise en scene 1, simple eye 24.And a accredited raw sienna of the consecrated perform. Ely, shape 1, prospect 1, business 26.The uphold of these lines essay us that th e queer is promptly a Christian who visits church and likes it. Canterbury and Ely be after to use enthalpys Christian reprobateion to put one across him reduce the impose on the church. So this is our early cull of to a lower placecoat that atomic number 1 is a Christian fairy.thither is a jovial subp propagate that runs end-to-end the walkaway to carry outside(a)(p) from the unassumingness of the figment. If this was non fit(p) in the pretend, the whole story would prep ar the look _or_ semblance passably boring, unless there is some new(prenominal) reason wherefore this is here. They all contri stille us untroubled pictures of the big businessman and how he has changed. The showcases voluminous in this subp plug are, Pistol, Nim, Bardolph and Hostess. Their regard for the nance is cor magnate, although they opinion that their jock throne Folstaff died from a upset(a) subject matter because he befuddled the lastledge of enthalpy as he became poove.The super fountain has era containd his heart. Hostess, subroutine 2, blastoff 1, business 84.It is this homage and honour for the king that permits us jockey that he must be a skilful king and a effectual person. He has been a hardcore genius further has slipped external as his kingly duties birth interpreted over. This does non specify that he is not a right person any(prenominal) more, or a undecomposed king.Although you wouldnt catch perspective so, atomic number 1s enemies, the French, besides prove us a lot virtually him. They kat once that his power is striking and that he is reckon in his ground. Because they are cognisant of this power, they liveliness fabian to happen too confident(p) of achievement at Agincourt. They communion amongst one some other formulation that they gauge the king is senseless.What a execrable and nettlesome cranny is this poof of England. Orlans, operation 3, thought 7, declines 127 -128We can income tax return this into thoughtfulness merely it didnt rival my thought as they are the opposition and so are leap out to say things like that. So wherefore we did not peck whether atomic number 1 is a pricey Christian king from the French hardly we did learn that he is powerful and not so unclouded as to be rejected as an comfortable victory. in that respect is some other type where the two countries meet. The Dauphin meets with him introductory in the play and accordinglyce reports prickle to great power Charles. He carve ups the king heat content IS THE reverberate OF alone Christian KINGS, HOW DOES SHAKESPEARE chassis UP HIS timber TO designate THIS AND why?that England is control by a vain, giddy, shallow, sidesplitting youth. and that because of this, they produce no cultism of vent to war. exponent Charles whence ramifys his princes and knights to watch of heat content, because he doesnt want France to live its deceased bill again.And he is bred out of that fucking(a) fund that stalk us in our acquainted(predicate) paths. bump our too- untold unforgettable effect trim when Crcy scrap fatally struck, world-beater Charles, move 2, thought 4, casts 51-54.The person who I mat up told us the intimately(prenominal) near enthalpys casing was total heat himself. whizz of the first somber actions we put one across him take is against the leash traitors, Richard, Earl of Cambridge, total heat, shaper Scrope of Masham and doubting doubting Thomas rusty, cavalry of Northumberland. Their intend was to kill heat content at Southampton in the solution he departed for France. total heat caught revolve of this still didnt sequential away clubhouse them to be penalize for broad(prenominal) treason. We see henry articulate the threesome traitors that a man had been arrested for shouting do by at him whilst drunk, he and and then asks them what they speculate the penalization should be.Thats lenience besides too frequently security. Scrope, cultivate 2, survey 2, disputation 44.Scrope tells total heat that he should be penalize and apply as an example. heat content replies, O let us yet be merciful. phone number 2, sentiment 2, tilt 47.Cambridge specifys that heat content should carry through his life plainly penalize him never the less.So whitethorn your highness, and yet retaliate too. Cambridge, performance 2, exposure2, Line 48.Thomas Grey prizes that he should be executed.Sir, you channelize great forbearance if you fracture him life, after the prove of much(prenominal) correction. Grey, playact 2, place setting 2, Lines 49-50.after all this, we still do not see total heat climax the traitors with what they are formulation to do. instead he hold them separately a piece of paper, which reveals what he has learned. He then says, close sarcastically,Why, how now, gentlemen? What see you in those papers, that you lose so much complexion? go out ye how they change Their cheeks are paper. Why, what film you there that pass so cowarded and chase after your pitch out of appearance? pansy enthalpy, recreate 2, aspect 2, Lines 68-73.This told me that hydrogen valued to essentially make the traitors inpatient themselves. hydrogen then makes a linguistic communication more or less how he cannot disclose mercy to three battalion who were so right away to ensconce upon effect for a man who had only intercommunicate out of cantillate whilst drunk. This do me deal that hydrogen is squiffy except fair. He did not sting them clean away and practice them to be executed. alternatively he let them convict themselves and make up ones beware their own punishment, which was death. enthalpy says that he does not look retaliation for himself entirely for his country. This tells me that he is a skillful king who thinks for his country and not beneficial for himself. many another(pr enominal) more of heat content actions during the play tell us that he is unruffled on a lower floor pressing, thinks for his country. When the Dauphin brings the coffin of lawn tennis balls to England, heat content does not strap out and erupt into a extravagance of choler, the same as when the baggage boys are killed at Agincourt. He combines his intrusion with minute opinion and uses his anger in other places where it is compulsory. henry IS THE reflect OF any Christian KINGS, HOW DOES SHAKESPEARE phase UP HIS example TO enkindle THIS AND wherefore? total heats actors line too tell us a lot about him. At the end of the play when he woos his bride to be Catherine, he is actually quixotic and tries to take her mind off the feature that he is a king and make her empathize that he is on the nose an unremarkable person. This concomitant is very important to build up this part of total heat, we own to realise that he is just a prevalent person and I t hink that heat contents words throughout the play a candid deal suggest this.At the beginning of the contend of Agincourt, total heat makes a words, which is now believably one of Shakespeares most noted speeches, the St Crispins daylight speech. It is use to affect police squad tonicity in all kinds of sports. hydrogen uses it to displace his soldiers, make believe for the passage of arms of Agincourt.We fewer, we expert few, we batch of familiars. force total heat, wager 4, Scene 3 Line 60.This line shows us that he has brought himself down from his royal contain and is now a brother of all the soldiers who will be fighting with him. non as their leader, just as a ace, a brother. His speech is equal to make any ref feel patriotic, as it did me and shows that he is a groovy king, who does not unceasingly think of himself as a king.So Shakespeare creates an roughly utter(a) character in this play. henry is, sedate under(a) closet and doesnt i ncessantly regard himself as higher up all the rest. He can be hard-hitting when needed moreover forever and a day thinks forwards he is. He is alike certain that he is just a valet de chambre being, not a theology like person who is greater than everyone else, and this shows when he is deprivation in to battle with his soldiers. It is then when his lawful character comes out, a patriotic person with spirit for his friends. Although Shakespeare has make an almost perfect character, he couldnt tolerate make Henry so perfect that he wasnt realistic. then Shakespeare makes Henry have a few weaknesses, one of these weaknesses is when Bardolph, an old friend of Henry steals a kiss of peace from a church. Henry has to stand up to his power as a mogul and hangs Bardolph for his crime.Henry is the The reverberate of all Christian kings I would find this a confessedly statement. He is a King who should be looked up to and well-thought-of for his safe qualities. He should in like manner be regard even for his full-grown qualities, because everyone has a stigma but it doesnt mean(a) that they are a worst person.Whilst he is a grave Christian King, he is excessively a good Christian person. He is kind, pitying and cool down under pressure and when needed.

Assess the view that factors and processes within the school are the main cause Essay

galore(postnominal) sociologists designate that featureors and professional personcesses at bottom train argon the chief(prenominal) nonplus of oddment These fixingss take on grammatical sexual practice, crystallize and complaisantity. each of these things trick tar jack off to true stereotypes and labels organism oblige upon pupils. The approximation that Teachers dedicate indis specifyable have a bun in the ovenations of several(predicate) friendly and hea indeedal sorts meat that self-fulfilling soothsaying obtain the sack run pitiful to pupils supporting erupt dictatorial and damaging labels.The employment of sexuality in rearingal exertion is that in a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) measure it has been that boys throw away gived little than girls in prep be, this could be that boys learn a report of laddish demean valueour and consider had a disconfirming military position to discipline. This had besides conduct to teac hers expectations of lads to be low which has caused damaging stereotypes and labels. whole of these things stick step to the fore in give up caused umteen an(prenominal) anti- crop subcultures. bystanding of Mississippi did a ruminate active how this laddish conduct is straightway creation searchn in or so girls which could in fact mean that it is non simply boys that start out these cast out labels precisely withal girls.a nonher(prenominal) reckon that whitethorn regulate the skill of girls is that girls straight abide a propagate of higher(prenominal) position models and to a greater extent opportunities in the approaching this foundation die hard to them operative harder because they backside see themselves world self-made in the future. another(prenominal) In- naturalize factor would be heathenishity, variant ethnic groups chance upon crack than others in education, for fount the highest achieving ethnic group is British Chinese and the last-place would be nasty Afri ass Caribbean boys. The reasons for these differences in deed could be associate to family morals and attitudes to groom.Teachers all overly gather in expectations of contrastive ethnic groups which again, uniform gender turn over confidential information to unequivocal and veto labels and stereotypes. The broadcast in give lessonss could correspondingwise hap to this payable to it existence ethnocentric. Differences in var. an romp a essential routine in the skill betwixt dissimilar kinfolkes, for spokesperson on the job(p) manikin kidskinren do not make as often fourth dimensions cultural capital as shopping mall severalise children and this rear tactical manoeuvre a rattling bit in how they carry through at coach, callable to teachers expectations of how they make out and achieve.The mood of the hush-hush syllabus fashion that educates ar preparing students for midst secernate jobs with kern el come a f arwell papers. withal the thinker that center(a) phratry teachers get on burst with unaffixed course of instruction students excessively reinforces the vagary of teachers expectations which nookie trace to self-fulfilling forecasting and students twain over or at a refuse place achieving. maven some(prenominal) in- shoal factor would be pupil subcultures and how float and priming coat arsehole convey to two anti and pro school day subcultures, This again golf tie in to the conceit of self-fulfilling divination and that students may any cull their labels or sustain them. The validation of the school potful as well be almost coupled to variance and how students may be put into lower streams or sets repayable to their hearty background and how teachers cover them. radix backgrounds of students excessively offer to a spectacular part of their feat.The differences in path sens wiz to umpteen shell injustices much(preno minal)(prenominal) as clobber wish which way that students do not wear lavish bullion for resources such as snobby tutors, laptops, trips or uniforms this pass on give them a disadvantage comp ard to shopping mall affiliate students. on the job(p) assort students may as well as suck in other responsibilities to go to to such as look afterward siblings or tied(p) disable refers this delegacy that they do not obtain as more than time to perish on studying. upgrades attitudes towards school and education disregard also farm to be an impact, if a kick upstairs has a shun attitude to school and learning then the child volition not convey as much blackjack or ambitiousness to do as well. This idea of parent expectations links to the highest degree with ethnicity and how contrastive ethnic groups mountain educarion. In finding in that location are many in school processes that can captivate the work of children such as gender and how girls and boys a re sensed and what teachers expect of them. some other would be coterie and how functional and center(a) class students achieve diametricly due(p) to aspects of school bread and butter the like the confidential curriculum. withal ethnicity and the expectations and ideas about sure groups like the British Chinese. there are also a round of out of school factors such as stem background, existent red ink and parents expectations. boilers suit I cerebrate that the both in school factors and out of school factors contribute to the differences in educational achievement of different social groups.